文件流和网络流打开关闭中需要注意的问题

文件流和网络流打开关闭中常见问题梳理

案例1：流非空才可以关闭

错误示例

package test1;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Main1 {
    /**
     * 错误实例1 
     */
    @Test
    public void copyFile() {
        FileReader fr = null;
        FileWriter fw = null;
        try {
            fr = new FileReader("d:\\test1\\aaa.txt");
            // 代码
            int i = 5 / 0 ;
            fw = new FileWriter("d:\\test1\\bbb.txt");
            char[] charBuffer = new char[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = fr.read(charBuffer)) != -1) {
                fw.write(charBuffer, 0, len);
            }
            System.out.println("文件复制成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("文件复制失败");
        } finally {
            try {
                fr.close();
                fw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("流关闭失败");
            }
        }
    }
}

由此可见：close方法是针对非空的流才能进行关闭，否则会报空指针异常

修正方法

package test1;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Main2 {
    
    @Test
    public void copyFile() {
        FileReader fr = null;
        FileWriter fw = null;
        try {
            fr = new FileReader("d:\\test1\\aaa.txt");
            fw = new FileWriter("d:\\test1\\bbb.txt");
            char[] charBuffer = new char[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = fr.read(charBuffer)) != -1) {
                fw.write(charBuffer, 0, len);
            }
            System.out.println("文件复制成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("文件复制失败");
        } finally {
            try {
                if (null != fr) {
                    fr.close();
                }
                if (null != fw) {
                    fw.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("流关闭失败");
            }
        }

    }
}

优化版1

package test1;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Main3 {
    /**
     * 错误实例2
     */
    @Test
    public void copyFile() throws IOException {
        FileReader fr = null;
        FileWriter fw = null;
        try {
            fr = new FileReader("d:\\test1\\aaa.txt");
            fw = new FileWriter("d:\\test1\\bbb.txt");
            char[] charBuffer = new char[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = fr.read(charBuffer)) != -1) {
                fw.write(charBuffer, 0, len);
            }
            System.out.println("文件复制成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("文件复制失败");
        } finally {
//            int i = 5 / 0;
            if (null != fr) {
                try {
                    fr.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("流关闭失败");
                }
            }
            if (null != fw) {
                try {
                    fw.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("流关闭失败");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

除了关闭流等特殊处理外，finally代码块中最好不要添加代码逻辑，如果要加请将关闭流等方法放至最后，便于快速定位问题

优化版2

使用try-with-resource处理机制。首先被自动关闭的资源需要实现Closeable或者AutoCloseable接口，因为只有实现了这两个接口才可以自动调用close()方法去自动关闭资源。写法为try(){}catch(){}，将要关闭的外部资源在try()中创建，catch()捕获处理异常。

package test1;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Main4 {
    /**
     * 错误实例2
     */
    @Test
    public void copyFile() throws IOException {

        try (FileReader fr = new FileReader("d:\\test1\\aaa.txt");
             FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("d:\\test1\\bbb.txt")) {
            char[] charBuffer = new char[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = fr.read(charBuffer)) != -1) {
                fw.write(charBuffer, 0, len);
            }
            System.out.println("文件复制成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("文件复制失败");
        }
    }
}

案例2：流关闭顺序

package test1;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;

public class Main5 {
    /**
     * 错误实例2
     */
    @Test
    public void copyFile() {
        File file = new File("d:\\test1\\ccc.txt");
        //准备写入到指定文件即可
        FileWriter fw = null;
        BufferedWriter bw = null;
        try {
            fw = new FileWriter(file);
            bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
            String[] s = new String[1000];
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                s[i] = "aaa";
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
                bw.write(s[i]);
                bw.flush();
                bw.newLine();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                //这里关闭流从大到小关闭，是错误的关闭方式
                fw.close();
                bw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

修正方式

 finally {
            try {
                //流要从小到大，从最里层到最外层依次关闭
                bw.close();
                fw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

 finally {
            try {
                fw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

流要从小到大，从最里层到最外层依次关闭，或者直接关闭最外层的流即可，内层的流随着最外层的流关闭会自动关闭。