广播接收器(Broadcast Receiver)
广播接收器分为动态注册和静态注册。
动态注册
动态注册代码如下:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver, intentFilter);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
}
class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "network changes", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
记得,动态注册的广播接收器一定都要取消注册才行,这里我们是在onDestroy()方法中通过调用unregisterReceiver()方法来实现的。
静态注册
静态注册的优势是可以在程序未启动的情况下接收广播。
1.AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加注册,代码如下:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application>
...
<receiver
android:name=".BootCompleteReiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "Boot Complete", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
由于Android系统启动完成后会发出一条值为android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED的广播,因此我们在标签里添加了相应的action。
发送自定义广播
广播分为两种类型:标准广播和有序广播。
发送标准广播
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application>
...
<receiver
android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
发送广播代码:
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
sendBroadcast(intent);
发送有序广播
广播是一种可以跨进程的通信方式,这一点从前面接收系统广播的时候就可以看出来了。发送有序广播的代码如下:
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
在注册那里设置广播接收器的先后顺序,代码如下:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<application>
...
<receiver
android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter android:priority="100">
<action android:name="android.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
也可以选择是否允许广播继续传递了,代码如下:
public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
abortBroadcast();
}
}
在onReceive()方法中调用了abortBroadcast()方法,就表示将这条广播截断,后面的广播接收器将无法再接收到这条广播。
本地广播
本地广播发出的广播只能够在应用程序的内部进行传递,并且广播接收器也只能接收来自本应用程序发出的广播,这样所有的安全性问题就都不存在了。本地广播主要是使用了一个LocalBroadcastManager来对广播进行管理,并提供了发送广播和注册广播接收器的方法。下面代码:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this); // 获取实例
Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent); //发送本地广播
}
});
intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver, intentFilter); //注册本地广播监听器
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
}
class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Toast.makeText(context, "received local broadcast", Toast.LENGTH_SHOW).show();
}
}
}
本地广播的优势:
可以明确地知道正在发送的广播不会离开我们的程序,因此不必担心机密数据泄漏。
其他的程序无法将广播发送到我们程序的内部,因此不需要担心会有安全漏洞的隐患。
发送本地广播比发送系统全局广播将会更新高效。