python matlibplot绘制3D图形

1. 散点图使用scatter

   from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
   import numpy as np
   from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
   
   
   # 生成3D示例数据
   
   mu_vec1 = np.array([0,0,0]) # 均值向量
   cov_mat1 = np.array([[1,0,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]]) # 协方差矩阵
   
   class1_sample = np.random.multivariate_normal(mu_vec1, cov_mat1, 20)
   class2_sample = np.random.multivariate_normal(mu_vec1 + 1, cov_mat1, 20)
   class3_sample = np.random.multivariate_normal(mu_vec1 + 2, cov_mat1, 20)
   
   
   # class1_sample.shape -> (20, 3), 20 rows, 3 columns
   
   
   fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,8))
   ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
   
   ax.scatter(class1_sample[:,0], class1_sample[:,1], class1_sample[:,2],
              marker='x', color='blue', s=40, label='class 1')
   ax.scatter(class2_sample[:,0], class2_sample[:,1], class2_sample[:,2],
              marker='o', color='green', s=40, label='class 2')
   ax.scatter(class3_sample[:,0], class3_sample[:,1], class3_sample[:,2],
              marker='^', color='red', s=40, label='class 3')
   
   ax.set_xlabel('variable X')
   ax.set_ylabel('variable Y')
   ax.set_zlabel('variable Z')
   
   plt.title('3D Scatter Plot')
   
   plt.show()

   

2. 直线使用plot3D

   from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
   import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
   import numpy as np
   from itertools import product, combinations
   fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7,7))
   ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
   ax.set_aspect("equal")
   
   
   # 画点
   
   
   
   # 立方体里的点
   
   X_inside = np.array([[0,0,0],[0.2,0.2,0.2],[0.1, -0.1, -0.3]])
   
   X_outside = np.array([[-1.2,0.3,-0.3],[0.8,-0.82,-0.9],[1, 0.6, -0.7],
                         [0.8,0.7,0.2],[0.7,-0.8,-0.45],[-0.3, 0.6, 0.9],
                         [0.7,-0.6,-0.8]])
   
   for row in X_inside:
       ax.scatter(row[0], row[1], row[2], color="r", s=50, marker='^')
   
   for row in X_outside:
       ax.scatter(row[0], row[1], row[2], color="k", s=50)
   
   
   # 画立方体
   
   h = [-0.5, 0.5]
   for s, e in combinations(np.array(list(product(h,h,h))), 2):
       if np.sum(np.abs(s-e)) == h[1]-h[0]:
           ax.plot3D(*zip(s,e), color="g")
   
   ax.set_xlim(-1.5, 1.5)
   ax.set_ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
   ax.set_zlim(-1.5, 1.5)
   
   plt.show()