C#中运用AppDomain动态加载程序集详解

　　在.net中有了一个AppDomain——应用程序域的新概念，.NET程序通过AppDomain这个媒介来运行在进程中。

　　我们运行一个.NET应用程序或者一个运行库宿主时，OS会首先建立一个进程，然后会在进程中加载CLR(这个加载一般是通过调用_CorExeMain或者_CorBindToRuntimeEx方法来实现)，在加载CLR时会创建一个默认的AppDomain，它是CLR的运行单元，程序的Main方法就是在这里执行，这个默认的AppDomain是唯一且不能被卸载的，当该进程消灭时，默认AppDomain才会随之消失。

　　一个进程中可以有多个AppDomain，且它们直接是相互隔离的，我们的Assembly是不能单独执行的，它必须被加载到某个AppDomain中，要想卸载一个Assembly就只能卸载其AppDomain。

　　一旦Assembly被调用，在调用之前会将程序集加载到默认AppDomain，然后执行，我们就会遇到这个问题：如果我需要做替换或者删除Assembly等这些操作的时候，由于Assembly已经被默认AppDomain加载，那么对它的更改肯定是不允许的，它会弹出这样的错误：

　　

　　除非你关掉作业管理服务器，然后再操作，显然这样做是很不合理的。

　　并且默认AppDomain是不能被卸载的，那么我们该怎么办呢，我想到的方法是动态的加载Assembly，新建一个AppDomain，让Assembly加载到这个新AppDomain中然后执行，当执行完后卸载这个新的AppDomain即可。核心思想就是：如果程序集被加载到默认应用程序域中，则当进程运行时将无法从内存中卸载该程序集。但是，如果打开另一个应用程序域来加载和执行程序集，则卸载该应用程序域时也会同时卸载程序集。使用此技术最小化长时间运行的进程的工作集。，方法如下：

　　1、创建程序集加载类AssemblyDynamicLoader，该类用来创建新的AppDomain，并生成用来执行.net程序的RemoteLoader类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using Ark.Log;
/// 　
/// 　The　local　loader.
/// 　
public class AssemblyDynamicLoader
{
    /// 　
    /// 　The　log　util.
    /// 　
    private static ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger( typeof (AssemblyDynamicLoader));
    /// 　
    /// 　The　new　appdomain.
    /// 　
    private AppDomain appDomain;
    /// 　
    /// 　The　remote　loader.
    /// 　
    private RemoteLoader remoteLoader;
    /// 　
    /// 　Initializes　a　new　instance　of　the　　class.
    /// 　
    public AssemblyDynamicLoader()
    {
        AppDomainSetup setup = new AppDomainSetup();
        setup.ApplicationName = " ApplicationLoader " ;
        setup.ApplicationBase = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
        setup.PrivateBinPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory,            " private " );
        setup.CachePath = setup.ApplicationBase;
        setup.ShadowCopyFiles = " true " ;
        setup.ShadowCopyDirectories = setup.ApplicationBase;
        this .appDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain( " ApplicationLoaderDomain " , null , setup);
        String name = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().FullName;
        this .remoteLoader =             (RemoteLoader) this .appDomain.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(name,            typeof (RemoteLoader).FullName);
    }
    /// 　
    /// 　Invokes　the　method.
    /// 　
    /// 　The　full　name.
    /// 　Name　of　the　class.
    /// 　The　args　input.
    /// 　Name　of　the　program.
    /// 　The　output　of　excuting.
    public String InvokeMethod(String fullName, String className,         String argsInput, String programName)
    {
        this .remoteLoader.InvokeMethod(fullName, className, argsInput, programName);
        return this .remoteLoader.Output;
    }
    /// 　
    /// 　Unloads　this　instance.
    /// 　
    public void Unload()
    {
        try
        {
            AppDomain.Unload( this .appDomain);
            this .appDomain = null ;
        }
        catch (CannotUnloadAppDomainException ex)
        {
            log.Error( " To　unload　assembly　error! " , ex);
        }
    }
}

:

　　2、创建RemoteLoader类，它可以在AppDomain中自由穿越，这就需要继承System.MarshalByRefObject这个抽象类，这里RemoteLoader如果不继承MarshalByRefObject类则一定会报错(在不同AppDomain间传递对象，该对象必须是可序列化的)。以RemoteLoader类做为代理来调用待执行的.net程序。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
/// 　
/// 　The　Remote　loader.
/// 　
public class RemoteLoader : MarshalByRefObject
{
    /// 　
    /// 　The　assembly　we　need.
    /// 　
    private Assembly assembly = null ;
    /// 　
    /// 　The　output.
    /// 　
    private String output = String.Empty;
    /// 　
    /// 　Gets　the　output.
    /// 　
    /// 　The　output.
    public String Output
    {
        get
        {
            return this .output;
        }
    }
    /// 　
    /// 　Invokes　the　method.
    /// 　
    /// 　The　full　name.
    /// 　Name　of　the　class.
    /// 　The　args　input.
    /// 　Name　of　the　program.
    public void InvokeMethod(String fullName, String className,
        String argsInput, String programName)
    {
        this .assembly = null ;
        this .output = String.Empty;
        try
        {
            this .assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(fullName);
            Type pgmType = null ;
            if ( this .assembly != null )
            {
                pgmType = this .assembly.GetType(className, true , true );
            }
            else
            {
                pgmType = Type.GetType(className, true , true );
            }
            Object[] args = RunJob.GetArgs(argsInput);
            BindingFlags defaultBinding = BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly
                | BindingFlags.Public
            | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance
            | BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
            | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Static;
            CultureInfo cultureInfo = new CultureInfo( " es-ES " , false );
            try
            {
                MethodInfo methisInfo = RunJob.GetItsMethodInfo(pgmType,
                    defaultBinding, programName);
                if (methisInfo == null )
                {
                    this .output = " EMethod　does　not　exist! " ;
                }
                if (methisInfo.IsStatic)
                {
                    if (methisInfo.GetParameters().Length == 0 )
                    {
                        if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof ( void ))
                        {
                            pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding,
                                null , null , null , cultureInfo);
                            this .output = " STo　call　a　method　without　return　value　successful. " ;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            this .output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName,
                                defaultBinding, null , null , null , cultureInfo);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof ( void ))
                        {
                            pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding,
                                null , null , args, cultureInfo);
                            this .output = " STo　call　a　method　without　return　value　successful. " ;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            this .output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName,
                                defaultBinding, null , null , args, cultureInfo);
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (methisInfo.GetParameters().Length == 0 )
                    {
                        object pgmClass = Activator.CreateInstance(pgmType);
                        if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof ( void ))
                        {
                            pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding,
                                null , pgmClass, null , cultureInfo);
                            this .output = " STo　call　a　method　without　return　value　successful. " ;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            this .output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName,
                                defaultBinding, null , pgmClass, null , cultureInfo);　　　 // 'ymtpgm'　is　program's　name　and　the　return　value　of　it　must　be　started　with　'O'.
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        object pgmClass = Activator.CreateInstance(pgmType);
                        if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof ( void ))
                        {
                            pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding,
                                null , pgmClass, args, cultureInfo);
                            this .output = " STo　call　a　method　without　return　value　successful. " ;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            this .output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName,
                                defaultBinding, null , pgmClass, args, cultureInfo);　　　 // 'ymtpgm'　is　program's　name　and　the　return　value　of　it　must　be　started　with　'O'.
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                this .output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName,
                    defaultBinding, null , null , null , cultureInfo);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            this .output = " E " + e.Message;
        }
    }
}

其中的InvokeMethod方法只要提供Assembly的全名、类的全名、待执行方法的输入参数和其全名就可以执行该方法，该方法可以是带参数或不带参数，静态的或者不是静态的。

　　最后这样使用这两个类：

AssemblyDynamicLoader　loader　 = 　 new 　AssemblyDynamicLoader();

　　String output　 = 　loader.InvokeMethod( " fileName " ,　 " ymtcla " ,　 " yjoinp " ,　 " ymtpgm " );

　　loader.Unload();