一、实验拓扑及要求
二、实验思路
- 配置IP地址
- 对应设备上运行RIP和OSPF协议
- 导入R7的环回后在ASBR上进行双向重发布
- 破除环路
- 选路最佳
三、实验操作
1、配置IP地址
以R1为例
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 14.1.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r1]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 44.1.1.2 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]q
[r1]
2、RIP和OSPF宣告
RIP宣告在R1、R2、R3上进行宣告
[r1]rip 1
[r1-rip-1]ver 2
[r1-rip-1]network 14.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]net 44.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]net 1.0.0.0
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]ver 2
[r2-rip-1]net 14.0.0.0
[r2-rip-1]net 2.0.0.0
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]ver 2
[r3-rip-1]net 44.0.0.0
[r3-rip-1]q
OSPF在R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7宣告
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 34.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 24.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 34.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 54.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
3、导入环回并进行双向重发布
导入R7环回:
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]import-route direct
R2、R3上进行双向重发布:
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r2-rip-1]q
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r3-rip-1]q
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip
4、破除环路
环路产生:R7环回重发布到R4上之后,R4发布给R2和R3且优先级为150,先配置R2,环回由R2进入rip中优先级变为100,由R2到R1再到R3,此时R3上有两条R7的环回,R4到R3优先级为150,R1到R3优先级为100。R3将优先级为100的路由重新发回OSPF区域,R4也将学习到优先级为100的路由。R1、R2、R3、R4形成环路。
解决方法:修改R2到R1再到R3的优先级大于150
//抓R7环回的流量
[r3]ip ip-prefix a permit 7.7.7.0 24
//路由策略为b,且b只匹配a,并只改a抓的流量的优先级为151
[r3]route-policy b permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix a
[r3-route-policy]apply preference 151
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]preference route-policy b
在R2上进行相同操作:
[r2]ip ip-prefix b permit 7.7.7.0 24
[r2]route-policy c permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix b
[r2-route-policy]apply preference 151
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]preference route-policy c
5、选路最佳
ospf内传递3.3.3.3/32,而R3环回重发布近RIP中是3.3.3.3/24,从而导致1上
在R3上将环回改为3.3.3.3/24
[r3]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
将R2->R4->R3的度量加大,实现R1访问R3及其环回走R1与R3之间的直连路径
[r2]ip ip-prefix dd permit 3.3.3.3 32
[r2]ip ip-prefix dd permit 34.1.1.0 24
//度量加2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricout ip-prefix dd 2
将R3->R4->R2的度量加大,实现R1访问R2走R1与R2之间的直连路径
[r3]ip ip-prefix y permit 24.1.1.0 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricout ip-prefix y 2
对R4:
R1与R2之间直连和R2环回优化为2到4之间直连路径
[r2]ip ip-prefix n permit 12.1.1.0 24
[r2]ip ip-prefix n permit 2.2.2.0 24
[r2]route-policy bb permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix n
[r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r2-route-policy]q
//空表允许所有经过
[r2]route-policy bb permit node 20
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy bb
R3同理
[r3]ip ip-prefix c permit 44.1.1.0 24
[r3]route-policy hh permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix c
[r3-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r3-route-policy]q
[r3]route-policy hh permit node 20
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy hh