CompletableFuture学习笔记

1. 基本语法使用

   /**
   *  CompletableFuture可以指定异步处理流程：
   *   2.1 thenAccept()处理正常结果；
   *   2.2 exceptional()处理异常结果；
   *   2.3 thenApplyAsync()用于串行化另一个CompletableFuture；
   */
   public class CompletableFutureTest {
      private ABusi busi = new ABusi() ;
       // 基本api使用
       @Test
       public void basicApi() throws InterruptedException {
           // 创建异步执行任务
           CompletableFuture<Double> cf =
                   CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(busi::fetchPrice);
           // 如果执行成功
           cf.thenAccept(result ->{
               System.out.println("price : " + result);
           }) ;
           // 如果执行异常
           cf.exceptionally(e ->{
               System.out.println("发生异常：" + e.getMessage());
               return null ;
           }) ;
           // 主线程不要立刻结束，否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:
           Thread.sleep(200);
       }
   }
   

2. 使用thenApplyAsync串行化执行两个异步任务

   public class CompletableFutureTest {
      private ABusi busi = new ABusi() ;
      // 使用thenApplyAsync串行化执行两个异步任务
      @Test
      public void serialExecute() throws InterruptedException {
          // 第一个任务
          CompletableFuture<String> cfQuery = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
              return busi.queryCode("中国石油", null);
          });
          // cfQuery成功后继续执行下一个任务
          CompletableFuture<Double> cfFetch = cfQuery.thenApplyAsync(code -> {
              return busi.fetchPrice(code, null);
          });
          // cfFetch成功后打印结果
          cfFetch.thenAccept(result ->{
              System.out.println("price : " + result);
          }) ;
          // 主线程不要立刻结束，否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭
          Thread.sleep(2000);
      }
   }
   

3. 使用anyOf并行执行两个异步任务

   public class CompletableFutureTest {
      private ABusi busi = new ABusi() ;
      @Test
      public void parallelExecute() throws InterruptedException {
          // 两个CompletableFuture执行异步查询
          CompletableFuture<String> cfQueryFromSina  =
                  CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> busi.queryCode("中国石油", "https://finance.sina.com.cn/code/"));
          CompletableFuture<String> cfQueryFrom163  =
                  CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> busi.queryCode("中国石油", "https://money.163.com/code/"));
          //使用anyOf合并为一个新的CompletableFuture
          CompletableFuture<Object> cfQuery  =
                  CompletableFuture.anyOf(cfQueryFromSina, cfQueryFrom163);
          // 两个CompletableFuture执行异步查询:
          CompletableFuture<Double> cfFetchFromSina  =
                  cfQuery .thenApplyAsync(code -> busi.fetchPrice(((String) code), "https://finance.sina.com.cn/price/"));
          CompletableFuture<Double> cfFetchFrom163  =
                  cfQuery .thenApplyAsync(code -> busi.fetchPrice((String) code, "https://finance.sina.com.cn/price/"));
          // 用anyOf合并为一个新的CompletableFuture
          CompletableFuture<Object> cfFetch  =
                  CompletableFuture.anyOf(cfFetchFromSina, cfFetchFrom163);
          //最终结果
          cfFetch.thenAccept(result ->{
              System.out.println("price : " + result);
          }) ;
          // 主线程不要立刻结束，否则CompletableFuture默认使用的线程池会立刻关闭:
          Thread.sleep(200);
      }
   }
   

4. 编写业务组件

   class ABusi{
       private String queryCode(String name, String url){
           try {
               long time = (long)(Math.random() * 100);
               Thread.sleep(time);
           } catch (InterruptedException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
           return "601857" ;
       }
       private Double fetchPrice(String code, String url){
           try {
               long time = (long)(Math.random() * 100);
               Thread.sleep(time);
           } catch (InterruptedException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
           return 5 + Math.random() * 20 ;
       }
       private Double fetchPrice() {
           try {
               Thread.sleep(100);
           } catch (InterruptedException e) {
           }
           if (Math.random() < 0.3) {
               throw new RuntimeException("fetch price failed!");
           }
           return 5 + Math.random() * 20;
       }
   }
   

5. 参考：https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/1252599548343744/1306581182447650