1. 部署环境
-
- 操作系统版本：Kylin Linux Advanced Server release V10 (Lance)
- Prometheus版本：prometheus-2.45.1
- Grafana版本：grafana-10.2.0
- node_exporter插件版本：node_exporter-1.8.1
- alertmanager版本：alertmanager-0.27.0
- 相关文件下载地址：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1yMGoh3l3SZos98JZJe6iOw?pwd=4346
提取码：4346
2. 部署Prometheus
-
- 解压安装包
tar -zxvf prometheus-2.45.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/
cd /opt/
mv ./prometheus-2.45.1.linux-amd64 prometheus-
- 验证
cd /opt/prometheus
./prometheus --version
-
- 配置用户
groupadd prometheus
useradd -g prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus-
- 修改安装目录权限
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /opt/prometheus/-
- 创建Prometheus运行数据目录
mkdir -p /opt/prometheus/data
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /opt/prometheus/data-
- 创建服务脚本systemd管理
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service[Unit]
Description=Prometheus
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/opt/prometheus/data
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetsystemctl daemon-reload-
- 启动Prometheus服务并查看状态
systemctl start prometheus.service
systemctl status prometheus.service
3. 部署node_exporter节点
- 解压node_exporter安装包
tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.8.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/
cd /opt/
mv node_exporter-1.8.1.linux-amd64/ node_exporter- 添加用户
groupadd prometheus
useradd -g prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /opt/node_exporter- 创建服务脚本systemd管理
vi /lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetsystemctl daemon-reload- 启动node_exporter服务并查看状态
systemctl start node_exporter.service
systemctl status node_exporter.service
- 修改 Prometheus 的配置文件 (prometheus.yml)，添加 node 服务 (在 scrape_configs 属性下添加)
vi /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- 重启 prometheus 服务
systemctl restart prometheus.service- 查看Prometheus的target是否成功添加被监控机器
4. 部署Altermanager
- 解压安装Altermanager
tar -xvf alertmanager-0.27.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt/
cd /opt/
mv alertmanager-0.27.0.linux-amd64 alertmanager- 授权用户目录
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /opt/alertmanager/- 添加systemd服务
vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service[Unit]
Description=Alertmanager Server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file=/opt/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml --storage.path=/opt/alertmanager/data
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetsystemctl daemon-reload - 启动Altermanager
systemctl start alertmanager.service
systemctl status alertmanager.service
- 修改Prometheus.yml文件
- 配置Altermanager告警规则
groups:
- name: prometheus alert
rules:
# 所有 超过30s 无法联系都发出 告警信息
- alert: "服务警告"
expr: up == 0
for: 30s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
description: "{{ $labels.job }} 服务已关闭."
- alert: "CPU使用率告警"
expr: 100 - (avg by (instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle", job="prometheus"}[1m])) * 100) > 80
for: 30s
labels:
level: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} CPU负载告警 "
description: "{{$labels.instance}} CPU使用率超过80%(当前值: {{ $value }})"
- alert: "内存使用率告警"
expr: (1 - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="prometheus"} / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="prometheus"}) * 100 > 85
for: 30s
labels:
level: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} 可用内存不足告警"
description: "{{$labels.instance}} 内存使用率已达85% (当前值: {{ $value }})"- 重启Prometheus
systemctl restart prometheus.service
systemctl status prometheus.service5. 部署Grafana
- 使用rpm命令。离线安装
rpm -ivh grafana-enterprise-10.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm- 启动grafana
systemctl enable grafana-server.service
systemctl status grafana-server.service
- JSON 模板文件
{
"__inputs": [
{
"name": "DS__VICTORIAMETRICS",
"label": " VictoriaMetrics",
"description": "",
"type": "datasource",
"pluginId": "prometheus",
"pluginName": "Prometheus"
}
],
"__requires": [
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "bargauge",
"name": "Bar gauge",
"version": ""
},
{
"type": "grafana",
"id": "grafana",
"name": "Grafana",
"version": "7.2.0"
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "graph",
"name": "Graph",
"version": ""
},
{
"type": "datasource",
"id": "prometheus",
"name": "Prometheus",
"version": "1.0.0"
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "stat",
"name": "Stat",
"version": ""
},
{
"type": "panel",
"id": "table-old",
"name": "Table (old)",
"version": ""
}
],
"annotations": {
"list": [
{
"$$hashKey": "object:2875",
"builtIn": 1,
"datasource": "-- Grafana --",
"enable": true,
"hide": true,
"iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
"name": "Annotations & Alerts",
"type": "dashboard"
}
]
},
"description": "【中文版本】2020.10.10更新，增加整体资源展示！支持 Grafana6&7，Node Exporter v0.16及以上的版本，优化重要指标展示。包含整体资源展示与资源明细图表：CPU 内存 磁盘 IO 网络等监控指标。https://github.com/starsliao/Prometheus",
"editable": true,
"gnetId": 8919,
"graphTooltip": 0,
"id": null,
"iteration": 1602302131465,
"links": [
{
"$$hashKey": "object:2300",
"icon": "bolt",
"tags": [],
"targetBlank": true,
"title": "Update",
"tooltip": "更新当前仪表板",
"type": "link",
"url": "https://grafana.com/dashboards/8919"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:2301",
"icon": "question",
"tags": [],
"targetBlank": true,
"title": "GitHub",
"tooltip": "查看更多仪表板",
"type": "link",
"url": "https://github.com/starsliao"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:2302",
"asDropdown": true,
"icon": "external link",
"tags": [],
"targetBlank": true,
"title": "",
"type": "dashboards"
}
],
"panels": [
{
"collapsed": false,
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"gridPos": {
"h": 1,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 0
},
"id": 187,
"panels": [],
"title": "资源总览（关联JOB项）当前选中主机：$show_hostname，实例：$node",
"type": "row"
},
{
"columns": [],
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"description": "分区使用率、磁盘读取、磁盘写入、下载带宽、上传带宽，如果有多个网卡或者多个分区，是采集的使用率最高的网卡或者分区的数值。\n\n连接数：CurrEstab - 当前状态为 ESTABLISHED 或 CLOSE-WAIT 的 TCP 连接数。",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"custom": {}
},
"overrides": []
},
"fontSize": "80%",
"gridPos": {
"h": 7,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 1
},
"id": 185,
"pageSize": null,
"showHeader": true,
"sort": {
"col": 30,
"desc": true
},
"styles": [
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1808",
"alias": "主机名",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 1,
"link": false,
"linkTooltip": "",
"linkUrl": "",
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "nodename",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "string",
"unit": "bytes"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1809",
"alias": "IP（链接到明细）",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"link": true,
"linkTargetBlank": false,
"linkTooltip": "浏览主机明细",
"linkUrl": "d/9CWBz0bik/node-exporter?orgId=1&var-job=${job}&var-hostname=All&var-node=${__cell}&var-device=All&var-origin_prometheus=$origin_prometheus",
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "instance",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "number",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1810",
"alias": "内存",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"link": false,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #B",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "number",
"unit": "bytes"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1811",
"alias": "CPU核",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": null,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #C",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "number",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1812",
"alias": " 运行时间",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #D",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "number",
"unit": "s"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1813",
"alias": "分区使用率*",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #E",
"thresholds": [
"70",
"85"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "percent"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1814",
"alias": "CPU使用率",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #F",
"thresholds": [
"70",
"85"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "percent"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1815",
"alias": "内存使用率",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #G",
"thresholds": [
"70",
"85"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "percent"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1816",
"alias": "磁盘读取*",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #H",
"thresholds": [
"10485760",
"20485760"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "Bps"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1817",
"alias": "磁盘写入*",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #I",
"thresholds": [
"10485760",
"20485760"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "Bps"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1818",
"alias": "下载带宽*",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #J",
"thresholds": [
"30485760",
"104857600"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "bps"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1819",
"alias": "上传带宽*",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #K",
"thresholds": [
"30485760",
"104857600"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "bps"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1820",
"alias": "5m负载",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #L",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "number",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1821",
"alias": "连接数",
"align": "auto",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": 2,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #M",
"thresholds": [
"1000",
"1500"
],
"type": "string",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1822",
"alias": "TCP_tw",
"align": "center",
"colorMode": "cell",
"colors": [
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)"
],
"dateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss",
"decimals": null,
"mappingType": 1,
"pattern": "Value #N",
"thresholds": [
"5000",
"20000"
],
"type": "number",
"unit": "short"
},
{
"$$hashKey": "object:1823",
"alias": "",
"align": "right",
"colorMode": null,
"colors": [
"rgba(245, 54, 54, 0.9)",
"rgba(237, 129, 40, 0.89)",
"rgba(50, 172, 45, 0.97)"
],
"decimals": 2,
"pattern": "/.*/",
"thresholds": [],
"type": "hidden",
"unit": "short"
}
],
"targets": [
{
"expr": "node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"} - 0",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "主机名",
"refId": "A"
},
{
"expr": "sum(time() - node_boot_time_seconds{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"})by(instance)",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "运行时间",
"refId": "D"
},
{
"expr": "node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"} - 0",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "总内存",
"refId": "B"
},
{
"expr": "count(node_cpu_seconds_total{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",mode='system'}) by (instance)",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "总核数",
"refId": "C"
},
{
"expr": "node_load5{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"}",
"format": "table",
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "5分钟负载",
"refId": "L"
},
{
"expr": "(1 - avg(rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",mode=\"idle\"}[$interval])) by (instance)) * 100",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "CPU使用率",
"refId": "F"
},
{
"expr": "(1 - (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"} / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"})))* 100",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "内存使用率",
"refId": "G"
},
{
"expr": "max((node_filesystem_size_bytes{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}) *100/(node_filesystem_avail_bytes {origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}+(node_filesystem_size_bytes{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"}-node_filesystem_free_bytes{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\"})))by(instance)",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "分区使用率",
"refId": "E"
},
{
"expr": "max(rate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"}[$interval])) by (instance)",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "最大读取",
"refId": "H"
},
{
"expr": "max(rate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"}[$interval])) by (instance)",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "最大写入",
"refId": "I"
},
{
"expr": "node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"} - 0",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "连接数",
"refId": "M"
},
{
"expr": "node_sockstat_TCP_tw{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"} - 0",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "TIME_WAIT",
"refId": "N"
},
{
"expr": "max(rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"}[$interval])*8) by (instance)",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "下载带宽",
"refId": "J"
},
{
"expr": "max(rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"}[$interval])*8) by (instance)",
"format": "table",
"hide": false,
"instant": true,
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "上传带宽",
"refId": "K"
}
],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeShift": null,
"title": "服务器资源总览表【JOB：$job，主机总数：$total】",
"transform": "table",
"type": "table-old"
},
{
"aliasColors": {
"192.168.200.241:9100_Total": "dark-red",
"Idle - Waiting for something to happen": "#052B51",
"guest": "#9AC48A",
"idle": "#052B51",
"iowait": "#EAB839",
"irq": "#BF1B00",
"nice": "#C15C17",
"sdb_每秒I/O操作%": "#d683ce",
"softirq": "#E24D42",
"steal": "#FCE2DE",
"system": "#508642",
"user": "#5195CE",
"磁盘花费在I/O操作占比": "#ba43a9"
},
"bars": false,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"decimals": null,
"description": "",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"custom": {},
"links": []
},
"overrides": []
},
"fill": 0,
"fillGradient": 0,
"gridPos": {
"h": 7,
"w": 8,
"x": 0,
"y": 8
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"id": 191,
"legend": {
"alignAsTable": false,
"avg": false,
"current": true,
"hideEmpty": true,
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}
],
"yaxis": {
"align": false,
"alignLevel": null
}
},
{
"aliasColors": {
"filefd_192.168.200.241:9100": "super-light-green",
"switches_192.168.200.241:9100": "semi-dark-red",
"使用的文件描述符_10.118.72.128:9100": "red",
"每秒上下文切换次数_10.118.71.245:9100": "yellow",
"每秒上下文切换次数_10.118.72.128:9100": "yellow"
},
"bars": false,
"cacheTimeout": null,
"dashLength": 10,
"dashes": false,
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"description": "",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"custom": {},
"links": []
},
"overrides": []
},
"fill": 0,
"fillGradient": 1,
"gridPos": {
"h": 8,
"w": 8,
"x": 16,
"y": 47
},
"hiddenSeries": false,
"hideTimeOverride": false,
"id": 16,
"legend": {
"alignAsTable": false,
"avg": false,
"current": true,
"max": false,
"min": false,
"rightSide": false,
"show": true,
"total": false,
"values": true
},
"lines": true,
"linewidth": 2,
"links": [],
"nullPointMode": "null",
"options": {
"alertThreshold": true
},
"percentage": false,
"pluginVersion": "7.2.0",
"pointradius": 1,
"points": false,
"renderer": "flot",
"seriesOverrides": [
{
"alias": "/每秒上下文切换次数.*/",
"color": "#FADE2A",
"lines": false,
"pointradius": 1,
"points": true,
"yaxis": 2
},
{
"alias": "/使用的文件描述符.*/",
"color": "#F2495C"
}
],
"spaceLength": 10,
"stack": false,
"steppedLine": false,
"targets": [
{
"expr": "node_filefd_allocated{instance=~\"$node\"}",
"format": "time_series",
"instant": false,
"interval": "",
"intervalFactor": 5,
"legendFormat": "使用的文件描述符",
"refId": "B"
},
{
"expr": "rate(node_context_switches_total{instance=~\"$node\"}[$interval])",
"interval": "",
"intervalFactor": 5,
"legendFormat": "每秒上下文切换次数",
"refId": "A"
},
{
"expr": " (node_filefd_allocated{instance=~\"$node\"}/node_filefd_maximum{instance=~\"$node\"}) *100",
"format": "time_series",
"hide": true,
"instant": false,
"interval": "",
"intervalFactor": 5,
"legendFormat": "使用的文件描述符占比_{{instance}}",
"refId": "C"
}
],
"thresholds": [],
"timeFrom": null,
"timeRegions": [],
"timeShift": null,
"title": "打开的文件描述符(左 )/每秒上下文切换次数(右)",
"tooltip": {
"shared": true,
"sort": 2,
"value_type": "individual"
},
"type": "graph",
"xaxis": {
"buckets": null,
"mode": "time",
"name": null,
"show": true,
"values": []
},
"yaxes": [
{
"format": "short",
"label": "使用的文件描述符",
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
},
{
"format": "short",
"label": "context_switches",
"logBase": 1,
"max": null,
"min": null,
"show": true
}
],
"yaxis": {
"align": false,
"alignLevel": null
}
}
],
"refresh": "",
"schemaVersion": 26,
"style": "dark",
"tags": [
"Prometheus",
"node_exporter",
"StarsL.cn"
],
"templating": {
"list": [
{
"allValue": "",
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(origin_prometheus)",
"hide": 0,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "数据源",
"multi": false,
"name": "origin_prometheus",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(origin_prometheus)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 5,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\"}, job)",
"hide": 0,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "JOB",
"multi": false,
"name": "job",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\"}, job)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 5,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"}, nodename)",
"hide": 0,
"includeAll": true,
"label": "主机名",
"multi": false,
"name": "hostname",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"}, nodename)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 5,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allFormat": "glob",
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",nodename=~\"$hostname\"},instance)",
"hide": 0,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "Instance",
"multi": true,
"multiFormat": "regex values",
"name": "node",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",nodename=~\"$hostname\"},instance)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 5,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allFormat": "glob",
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(node_network_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr.*|lo.*|cni.*'},device)",
"hide": 0,
"includeAll": true,
"label": "网卡",
"multi": true,
"multiFormat": "regex values",
"name": "device",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(node_network_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr.*|lo.*|cni.*'},device)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 1,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"auto": false,
"auto_count": 100,
"auto_min": "10s",
"current": {
"selected": false,
"text": "2m",
"value": "2m"
},
"hide": 0,
"label": "时间间隔",
"name": "interval",
"options": [
{
"selected": false,
"text": "30s",
"value": "30s"
},
{
"selected": false,
"text": "1m",
"value": "1m"
},
{
"selected": true,
"text": "2m",
"value": "2m"
},
{
"selected": false,
"text": "3m",
"value": "3m"
},
{
"selected": false,
"text": "5m",
"value": "5m"
},
{
"selected": false,
"text": "10m",
"value": "10m"
},
{
"selected": false,
"text": "30m",
"value": "30m"
}
],
"query": "30s,1m,2m,3m,5m,10m,30m",
"queryValue": "",
"refresh": 2,
"skipUrlSync": false,
"type": "interval"
},
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "query_result(topk(1,sort_desc (max(node_filesystem_size_bytes{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",instance=~'$node',fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\",mountpoint!~\".*pods.*\"}) by (mountpoint))))",
"hide": 2,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "最大挂载目录",
"multi": false,
"name": "maxmount",
"options": [],
"query": "query_result(topk(1,sort_desc (max(node_filesystem_size_bytes{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",instance=~'$node',fstype=~\"ext.?|xfs\",mountpoint!~\".*pods.*\"}) by (mountpoint))))",
"refresh": 2,
"regex": "/.*\\\"(.*)\\\".*/",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 5,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "label_values(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}, nodename)",
"hide": 2,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "展示使用的主机名",
"multi": false,
"name": "show_hostname",
"options": [],
"query": "label_values(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$node\"}, nodename)",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 5,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
},
{
"allValue": null,
"current": {},
"datasource": "${DS__VICTORIAMETRICS}",
"definition": "query_result(count(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"}))",
"hide": 2,
"includeAll": false,
"label": "主机数",
"multi": false,
"name": "total",
"options": [],
"query": "query_result(count(node_uname_info{origin_prometheus=~\"$origin_prometheus\",job=~\"$job\"}))",
"refresh": 1,
"regex": "/{} (.*) .*/",
"skipUrlSync": false,
"sort": 0,
"tagValuesQuery": "",
"tags": [],
"tagsQuery": "",
"type": "query",
"useTags": false
}
]
},
"time": {
"from": "now-12h",
"to": "now"
},
"timepicker": {
"hidden": false,
"now": true,
"refresh_intervals": [
"15s",
"30s",
"1m",
"5m",
"15m",
"30m"
],
"time_options": [
"5m",
"15m",
"1h",
"6h",
"12h",
"24h",
"2d",
"7d",
"30d"
]
},
"timezone": "browser",
"title": "1 Node Exporter for Prometheus Dashboard CN 20201010",
"uid": "9CWBz0bik",
"version": 7
}6. 问题及解决办法
- rpm安装granfan提示：
warning: grafana-enterprise-10.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 10458545: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
fontconfig is needed by grafana-enterprise-10.2.0-1.x86_64-
- 该报错是因为需要安装中文字体库，参考以下操作解决：
# 上传 相关rpm包到服务器，并安装,
rpm -ivh ./*.rpm --nodeps --force
# -- 正常情况下，不使用特殊字体的话不需要执行以下操作
# 上传字体文件到 /usr/share/fonts （可以将windows环境下的字体复制到linux系统下，但是部分字体存在不兼容的情况）
# 更改字体的执行权限
chmod -R 755 /usr/share/fonts/*
# 刷新配置
mkfontscale
mkfontdir
fc-cache
fc-list7. 相关文件
- alert.yml 告警文件配置
groups:
- name: prometheus_alerts
rules:
- alert: "服务警告"
expr: up == 0
for: 30s
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
instance: "{{ $labels.instance }}"
description: "{{ $labels.job }} 服务已关闭."
- alert: "CPU使用率告警"
expr: 100 - (avg by (instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle", job="prod"}[1m])) * 100) > 80
for: 30s
labels:
level: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} CPU负载告警"
description: "{{$labels.instance}} CPU使用率超过80% (当前值: {{ $value }})"
- alert: "内存使用率告警"
expr: (1 - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="prod"} / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="prod"}) * 100 > 85
for: 30s
labels:
level: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} 可用内存不足告警"
description: "{{$labels.instance}} 内存使用率已达85% (当前值: {{ $value }})"
- alert: "磁盘使用率告警"
expr: 100 - (node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} * 100) > 85
for: 30s
labels:
level: warning
annotations:
summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} 可用磁盘不足告警"
description: "{{$labels.instance}} 磁盘使用率已达85% (当前值: {{ $value }})"
- alert: "磁盘写入率过高告警"
expr: sum by (instance) (irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 50
for: 1m
labels:
level: warning
annotations:
summary: "(instance {{ $labels.instance }}) 磁盘写入率过高告警"
description: "{{$labels.instance}} 磁盘写入速率大于50MB/s (当前值：{{ $value }})"
- alert: "可用磁盘不足预警"
expr: predict_linear(node_filesystem_free_bytes{job="prod"}[2h], 15 * 24 * 3600) < 0
for: 1d
labels:
level: warning
annotations:
summary: "预计主机 {{$labels.instance}} 可用磁盘空间15天后将写满"
description: "预计磁盘：{{$labels.mountpoint}} 15天后剩余空间为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: "可用磁盘不足-警告!!!"
expr: predict_linear(node_filesystem_free_bytes{job="prod"}[2h], 2 * 24 * 3600) < 0
for: 30m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "预计主机 {{$labels.instance}} 可用磁盘空间2天后将写满"
description: "预计磁盘：{{$labels.mountpoint}} 2天后剩余空间为 {{ $value }}%"
- alert: "下载带宽异常告警"
expr: sum by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 100
for: 1m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "主机 {{$labels.instance}} 网络下载带宽过高"
description: "{{$labels.instance}} 网络下载带宽异常，高于100M (当前值为：{{ $value }})"
- alert: "网络上传带宽异常告警"
expr: sum by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 100
for: 1m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 网络上传带宽过高"
description: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 上传网络异常，高于100M (当前值为：{{ $value }})"
- alert: "TCP连接数过高告警"
expr: node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab > 5000
for: 1m
labels:
severity: critical
annotations:
summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 已建立TCP_ESTABLISHED连接数过高！"
description: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} TCP_ESTABLISHED已建立连接数大于5000 (当前连接数为：{{ $value }})"
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