大数据框架之Hadoop：HDFS（二）HDFS的Shell操作（开发重点）

1.基本语法

bin/hadoop fs 具体命令 OR bin/hdfs dfs 具体命令

dfs是fs的实现类。

2.命令大全

[root@hadoop001 ~]# hadoop fs
Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
        [-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-checksum <src> ...]
        [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
        [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
        [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
        [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-count [-q] [-h] [-v] [-x] <path> ...]
        [-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] <src> ... <dst>]
        [-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
        [-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
        [-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
        [-du [-s] [-h] [-x] <path> ...]
        [-expunge]
        [-find <path> ... <expression> ...]
        [-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-getfacl [-R] <path>]
        [-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
        [-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
        [-help [cmd ...]]
        [-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [<path> ...]]
        [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
        [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
        [-mv <src> ... <dst>]
        [-put [-f] [-p] [-l] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
        [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
        [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
        [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
        [-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
        [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
        [-stat [format] <path> ...]
        [-tail [-f] <file>]
        [-test -[defsz] <path>]
        [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-touchz <path> ...]
        [-usage [cmd ...]]

Generic options supported are
-conf <configuration file>     specify an application configuration file
-D <property=value>            use value for given property
-fs <local|namenode:port>      specify a namenode
-jt <local|resourcemanager:port>    specify a ResourceManager
-files <comma separated list of files>    specify comma separated files to be copied to the map reduce cluster
-libjars <comma separated list of jars>    specify comma separated jar files to include in the classpath.
-archives <comma separated list of archives>    specify comma separated archives to be unarchived on the compute machines.

The general command line syntax is
bin/hadoop command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]

注意：hdfs dfs 与hadoop fs 功能一样，dfs是fs的实现类

3.常用命令实操

（0）启动Hadoop集群（方便后续的测试）

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
[root@hdp102 hadoop-2.7.7]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

（1）-help：输出这个命令参数

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -help rm

（2）-ls: 显示目录信息

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -ls /

（3）-mkdir：在HDFS上创建目录

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /sanguo/shuguo

（4）-moveFromLocal：从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ touch kongming.txt
[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs  -moveFromLocal  ./kongming.txt  /sanguo/shuguo

（5）-appendToFile：追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ touch liubei.txt
[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ vi liubei.txt

输入

san gu mao lu
[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

（6）-cat：显示文件内容

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

（7）-chgrp 、-chmod、-chown：Linux文件系统中的用法一样，修改文件所属权限

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs  -chmod  666  /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs  -chown  root:root  /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

（8）-copyFromLocal：从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal README.txt /

（9）-copyToLocal：从HDFS拷贝到本地

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./

（10）-cp ：从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt /zhuge.txt

（11）-mv：在HDFS目录中移动文件

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -mv /zhuge.txt /sanguo/shuguo/

（12）-get：等同于copyToLocal，就是从HDFS下载文件到本地

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./

（13）-getmerge：合并下载多个文件，比如HDFS的目录 /user/root/test下有多个文件:log.1, log.2,log.3,…

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -getmerge /user/root/test/* ./zaiyiqi.txt

（14）-put：等同于copyFromLocal

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -put ./zaiyiqi.txt /user/root/test/

（15）-tail：显示一个文件的末尾

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -tail /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

（16）-rm：删除文件或文件夹

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -rm /user/root/test/jinlian2.txt

（17）-rmdir：删除空目录

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /test
[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -rmdir /test

（18）-du统计文件夹的大小信息

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /user/root/test
2.7 K  /user/root/test

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -du  -h /user/root/test
1.3 K  /user/root/test/README.txt
15   /user/root/test/jinlian.txt
1.4 K  /user/root/test/zaiyiqi.txt

（19）-setrep：设置HDFS中文件的副本数量

[root@hdp101 hadoop-2.7.7]$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt 

这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中，是否真的会有这么多副本，还得看DataNode的数量。因为目前只有3台设备，最多也就3个副本，只有节点数的增加到10台时，副本数才能达到10。