Docker | 缓存依赖

Docker | 缓存依赖

1. 简介

项目使用docker compose，前端与后台都是使用二段构建，先安装依赖编译出文件，在将编译出来的文件，复制到新建构的镜像。然而每次构建镜像都要花大量时间去等待安装前端node.js依赖后台golang的依赖，后面找到解决方法缓存依赖，这样就省去了每次构建镜像时安装依赖的时间。
下面以golang安装依赖为例，/go/pkg/mod为golang依赖的缓存目录。

2. 演示

2.1. 文件树

hello-go
├── Dockerfile
├── go.mod
└── main.go

2.2. 文件内容

Dockerfile

FROM golang:1.19.1-bullseye

WORKDIR hello-go/

COPY . .

# 无缓存依赖
#RUN go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct && \
#    go mod tidy && \
#    go build -o main

# 缓存依赖
RUN --mount=type=cache,mode=0777,id=go-mod,target=/go/pkg/mod \
    go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct && \
    go mod tidy && \
    go build -o main

CMD ./main

main.go

package main

import (
	"go.uber.org/zap"
)

func main() {
	logger, _ := zap.NewProduction()
	defer logger.Sync()
	logger.Info("Hello world")
}

go.mod

module hello-go

go 1.19

require go.uber.org/zap v1.24.0

require (
	go.uber.org/atomic v1.7.0 // indirect
	go.uber.org/multierr v1.6.0 // indirect
)

2.3. 执行对比

无缓存依赖

docker build -f Dockerfile --no-cache -t hello-go:1.0.0 .

[+] Building 2.3s (9/9) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                                                                        
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                                                                                               0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 37B                                                                                                                                                                                                0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                                                                                                    0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/golang:1.19.1-bullseye 
 => [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.19.1-bullseye                                                                                                                                                                            0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => => transferring context: 3.80kB                                                                                                                                                                                                0.0s
 => CACHED [2/4] WORKDIR hello-go/                                                                                                                                                                                                 0.0s
 => [3/4] COPY . .                                                                                                                                                                                                                 0.0s
 => [4/4] RUN go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct &&     go mod tidy &&     go build -o main                                                                                                                               2.0s
 => => # go: downloading github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0                                                                                                                                                                            
 => => # go: downloading go.uber.org/goleak v1.1.11                                                                                                                                                                                    
 => => # go: downloading github.com/benbjohnson/clock v1.1.0                                                                                                                                                                           
 => => # go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1                                                                                                                                                                                       
 => => # go: downloading github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1                                                                                                                                                                             
 => => # go: downloading github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0
 ...    

有缓存依赖

有缓存依赖第一次也会下载，后续在执行，不会在重新下载依赖

docker build -f Dockerfile --no-cache -t hello-go:1.0.0 .

[+] Building 1.6s (10/10) FINISHED                                                                                                                                                                                                      
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                                                                                                               0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 405B                                                                                                                                                                                               0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                                                                                                    0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/golang:1.19.1-bullseye                                                                                                                                                          0.0s
 => [stage-0 1/4] FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.19.1-bullseye                                                                                                                                                                    0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => => transferring context: 4.17kB                                                                                                                                                                                                0.0s
 => CACHED [internal] settings cache mount permissions                                                                                                                                                                             0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-0 2/4] WORKDIR hello-go/                                                                                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => [stage-0 3/4] COPY . .                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => [stage-0 4/4] RUN --mount=type=cache,mode=0777,id=go-mod,target=/go/pkg/mod     go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct &&     go mod tidy &&     go build -o main                                                         1.4s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                                                                                                                             0.1s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                                                                                                            0.1s
 => => writing image sha256:1d0eefea9bf2a1079782e1233119db73ded083ec399911ddee6720346f1f5502                                                                                                                                       0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/hello-go:1.0.0

3. 注意

1. 如果hello-go:1.0.0镜像不存在并且执行了docker system prune，依赖缓存会被清理

4. 参考

• Dockerfile reference