需求
PC端一般使用c++或c# socket收发信息,网页端只能使用websocket,手机端是java socket。需要将PC端、手机端和网页端,多端打通同时实现即时通讯,就是需要websocket和socket相互通信。
构思
实现websocket和socket相互通信,网上可搜到以下两种方式:
1、搭建websocket中转服务,以将websocket client发送过来的消息做转发给socket
2、socket server端也同时实现websocket协议,并可判断出何时是纯socket连接,何时是websocket连接
第一种实现方式逻辑比较复杂,感觉是在脱裤子放屁,第二种用socket实现websocket协议,比较有技术挑战性。说干就干,先需要搞懂以下几个问题:
1、websocket client能否连接socket server?
2、websocket HTTP握手协议如何实现?
3、如何判定是websocket client连的,还是socket client连的?
4、websocket发送的消息如何被socket解析?
5、socket发送的消息如何被websocket解析?
6、如何实现互发信息
问题1探究:用Html创建一个websocket client,然后用C#实现一个socket server
websocket client(javascript)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>websocket</title>
<script>
var socket;
function connect() {
var host = "ws://127.0.0.1:8503/";
socket = new WebSocket(host);
try {
socket.onopen = function(msg) {
console.log("socket open");
}
socket.onmessage = function(msg){
console.log(msg);
}
socket.onclose = function (msg) {
console.log("socket close");
};
} catch (ex) {
console.log(ex);
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div>websocket Test</div>
<div>
<input type="button" value="连接" onclick="connect();">
</div>
</body>
</html>
在没有搭建任何server的时候,websocket client连接127.0.0.1:8503时,很显然会直接报以下错误
接下来用C#搭建socket server看会有如何改变。
socket server(C#)
1、创建C#控制台应用(.NET Framework)
2、编写代码
Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
EndPoint endPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 8503);//端口8503
server.Bind(endPoint);
server.Listen(1000);
Socket client = server.Accept();
Console.WriteLine("有客户端连上来了");
3、开启C#实现的socket server,再用websocket连接下,server端检测到有客户端连上来了,客户端也没有报错,说明websocket已连到socket server。
但是,正常onopen时会console.log(“socket open”),却没有显示出来,说明socket server还没有实现HTTP握手。
问题2探究:WebSocket HTTP握手如何实现
WebSocket为保证对客户端进行身份验证需要HTTP握手,借此服务器可以使用通用HTTP服务器可用的任何客户端身份验证机制,例如cookie,HTTP身份验证或TLS身份验证等,握手步骤如下:
1、client连接server ip:port
2、client发送握手header信息(websocket原机制,无需自行编写)
3、server接收握手信息
//接收客户端发来的消息
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = client.Receive(bytes);
string strMessage = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, len);
Console.WriteLine(strMessage);
4、获取客户端传过来的Sec-WebSocket-Key
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8503
Connection: Upgrade
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Upgrade: websocket
Origin: null
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7
Sec-WebSocket-Key: 66tW1x+Bl3kcAxt8qtJWbw==
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits
//获取Sec-WebSocket-Key
string[] strings = strMessage1.Split('\n');
string strSecWebSocketKey = "";
foreach (var item in strings)
{
string[] strings1 = item.Split(':');
if (strings1[0] == "Sec-WebSocket-Key")
{
strSecWebSocketKey = strings1[1].Trim();
}
}
5、生成服务端Sec-WebSocket-Accept
//生成服务端Sec-WebSocket-Accept
byte[] secKeyBytes = SHA1.Create().ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(strSecWebSocketKey + "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"));
string secKey = Convert.ToBase64String(secKeyBytes);
6、生成server header信息并发送
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept: H21OBL459DPABiY/J30yNY5OLr8=
string strHeader = "";
strHeader += "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols" + Environment.NewLine;
strHeader += "Upgrade: websocket" + Environment.NewLine;
strHeader += "Connection: Upgrade" + Environment.NewLine;
strHeader += "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: " + secKey + Environment.NewLine + Environment.NewLine;
client.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strHeader));
补充以上代码后,再次执行连接,已经显示可正常连接
至此,已使用c# socket实现了可接受websocket连接的server。
问题3探究:如何判定是websocket client连的,还是socket client连的?
分析websocket client传过来的http header中包含“Upgrade: websocket”,只需要在socket server端,检测到客户端连上来之后,马上接收一次信息,并判断本次接收到的信息是否包含websocket就可以了。
但是注意,未来正常的socket client,也需要发送一次自制握手信息(信息随意即可,但记得不要包含websocket,主要是配合websocket,将第一次接收消息的动作作为客户端/服务端交互的标准),如:
SOCKET
User-Code: Liupeng
Pass-Word: 123456
Other: test
写段代码判断下
//判断是否websocket client在访问
if(strMessage1.IndexOf("websocket") >= 0)
{
//获取Sec-WebSocket-Key
//生成服务端Sec-WebSocket-Accept
//发送握手信息给客户端
}
else
{
//实现点自己想干的~
//发送握手信息给客户端
}
问题4、5探究:websocket发送的消息如何被socket解析?/ socket发送的消息如何被websocket解析?
1、web页面增加发送消息代码
//...
function send(){
var msg = "hello world!";
if(!window.WebSocket)
return;
if(socket.readyState == WebSocket.OPEN){
socket.send(msg);
console.log(msg);
}
}
//...
<input type="button" value="发消息" onclick="send();">
2、C# socket server端补充代码
//...
while (true)
{
//接收客户端发来的消息
byte[] bytes2 = new byte[1024];
int len2 = client.Receive(bytes2);
string strMessage2 = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes2, 0, len2);
Console.WriteLine("客户端发来消息:{0}", strMessage2);
}
//...
3、消息可以正常被接收,但会是乱码
需做个转换
/// <summary>
/// 解析客户端数据包
/// </summary>
/// <param name="recBytes">服务器接收的数据包</param>
/// <param name="recByteLength">有效数据长度</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string AnalyticData(byte[] recBytes, int recByteLength)
{
if (recByteLength < 2) { return string.Empty; }
bool fin = (recBytes[0] & 0x80) == 0x80; // 1bit,1表示最后一帧
if (!fin)
{
return string.Empty;// 超过一帧暂不处理
}
bool mask_flag = (recBytes[1] & 0x80) == 0x80; // 是否包含掩码
if (!mask_flag)
{
return string.Empty;// 不包含掩码的暂不处理
}
int payload_len = recBytes[1] & 0x7F; // 数据长度
byte[] masks = new byte[4];
byte[] payload_data;
if (payload_len == 126)
{
Array.Copy(recBytes, 4, masks, 0, 4);
payload_len = (UInt16)(recBytes[2] << 8 | recBytes[3]);
payload_data = new byte[payload_len];
Array.Copy(recBytes, 8, payload_data, 0, payload_len);
}
else if (payload_len == 127)
{
Array.Copy(recBytes, 10, masks, 0, 4);
byte[] uInt64Bytes = new byte[8];
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
uInt64Bytes[i] = recBytes[9 - i];
}
UInt64 len = BitConverter.ToUInt64(uInt64Bytes, 0);
payload_data = new byte[len];
for (UInt64 i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
payload_data[i] = recBytes[i + 14];
}
}
else
{
Array.Copy(recBytes, 2, masks, 0, 4);
payload_data = new byte[payload_len];
Array.Copy(recBytes, 6, payload_data, 0, payload_len);
}
for (var i = 0; i < payload_len; i++)
{
payload_data[i] = (byte)(payload_data[i] ^ masks[i % 4]);
}
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(payload_data);
}
服务端发送客户端也同理
/// <summary>
/// 打包服务器数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">数据</param>
/// <returns>数据包</returns>
private static byte[] PackData(string message)
{
byte[] contentBytes = null;
byte[] temp = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
if (temp.Length < 126)
{
contentBytes = new byte[temp.Length + 2];
contentBytes[0] = 0x81;
contentBytes[1] = (byte)temp.Length;
Array.Copy(temp, 0, contentBytes, 2, temp.Length);
}
else if (temp.Length < 0xFFFF)
{
contentBytes = new byte[temp.Length + 4];
contentBytes[0] = 0x81;
contentBytes[1] = 126;
contentBytes[2] = (byte)(temp.Length & 0xFF);
contentBytes[3] = (byte)(temp.Length >> 8 & 0xFF);
Array.Copy(temp, 0, contentBytes, 4, temp.Length);
}
else
{
// 暂不处理超长内容
}
return contentBytes;
}
问题6探究:如何实现互发信息
思路:
1、websocket和socket都连接到c# socket server
2、c# socket server记录每个客户端到list中,并区分websocket和socket
3、无论websocket或socket发送的消息,都自动转发给所有客户端
4、因为服务端检测客户端连接和每客户端接收消息,必须互不影响,所以需要多线程
this.thread = new Thread(Listen);
this.thread.Start();
实现效果如下
实现代码
下载地址:https://download.csdn.net/download/yixiao0307/86560807
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