一、与服务器通信
类似于浏览器与服务器通信,Android应用也可以与Web服务器通信,比如Android应用可以访问Servlet、JSP、图片等等;
Web服务器通过指定Content-Type可以指定返回的数据的类型,比如text/html表示网页,text/xml表示XML数据,image/jpeg为图片;
二、通过XML让客户端和服务器交流数据
比如Android客户端打开相亲网,则返回的是多个人的序列,包含人的姓名、年龄等信息,而怎么组织这些数据返回给客户端呢?用XML很方便;
三、代码实现
服务器使用了dom4j组织XML数据,并返回给客户端;
代码结构如下:
- package org.xiazdong.servlet;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.dom4j.Document;
- import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
- import org.dom4j.Element;
- import org.xiazdong.domain.Person;
- @WebServlet("/ListServlet")
- public class ListServlet extends HttpServlet {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- doPost(request,response);
- }
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- List<Person> list = new ArrayList<Person>();
- for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
- Person person = new Person(i,"xiazdong-"+i,20+i);
- list.add(person);
- }
- Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
- Element persons = DocumentHelper.createElement("persons");
- document.add(persons);
- for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
- persons.addElement("person").addAttribute("id", list.get(i).getId()+"");
- persons.addElement("name").addText(list.get(i).getName());
- persons.addElement("age").addText(list.get(i).getAge()+"");
- }
- String xml = document.asXML(); //用dom4j组织一个XML字符串
- response.setContentType("text/xml; charset=UTF-8"); //设置返回值的类型
- response.getOutputStream().write(xml.getBytes("UTF-8")); //设置返回值
- }
- }
如果让浏览器访问,效果如下:
(注:Chrome打开总是显示不出XML声明。请用IE打开)
接下来,我们可以开发客户端,目标是用列表显示这些数据;
在AndroidManifest.xml中加入:
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
每个item的布局如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="horizontal" >
- <TextView
- android:layout_width="50dp"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:id="@+id/id"
- />
- <TextView
- android:layout_width="100dp"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:id="@+id/name"
- /><TextView
- android:layout_width="50dp"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:id="@+id/age"
- />
- </LinearLayout>
MainActivity.java
- package org.xiazdong.personlist;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.xiazdong.domain.Person;
- import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.util.Xml;
- import android.widget.ListView;
- import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private ListView listView;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- listView = (ListView) this.findViewById(R.id.listview);
- List<Person> persons = null;
- try {
- persons = getXMLData();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- List<Map<String, Object>> maps = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
- for (Person person : persons) {
- HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- map.put("id", person.getId());
- map.put("name", person.getName());
- map.put("age", person.getAge());
- maps.add(map);
- }
- SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, maps, R.layout.item,
- new String[] { "id", "name", "age" }, new int[] { R.id.id,
- R.id.name, R.id.age });
- listView.setAdapter(adapter);
- }
- //读取XML数据并转为List<Person>
- private List<Person> getXMLData() throws Exception {
- List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
- Person person = null;
- URL url = new URL("http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/ListServlet");
- HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
- conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
- if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
- InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
- XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
- parser.setInput(in, "UTF-8");
- int event = parser.getEventType();
- while (event != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
- Log.i("start_document", "start_document");
- switch (event) {
- case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
- if ("person".equals(parser.getName())) {
- person = new Person();
- person.setId(Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(0)));
- }
- if (("name").equals(parser.getName())) {
- person.setName(parser.nextText());
- }
- if ("age".equals(parser.getName())) {
- person.setAge(Integer.parseInt(parser.nextText()));
- }
- break;
- case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
- if ("person".equals(parser.getName())) {
- persons.add(person);
- Log.i("person", person.toString());
- }
- break;
- }
- event = parser.next();
- }
- }
- return persons;
- }
- }
效果如下: