Python数据可视化（坐标轴的定制与3D绘图）

1　隐藏轴脊

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpathes
polygon = mpathes.RegularPolygon((0.5, 0.5), 6, 0.2, color=‘g’)
ax = plt.axes((0.3, 0.3, 0.5, 0.5))
ax.add_patch(polygon)
#隐藏全部轴脊
ax.axis(‘off’)
plt.show()

2　隐藏部分轴脊

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpathes
xy = np.array([0.5,0.5])
polygon = mpathes.RegularPolygon(xy, 5, 0.2,color=‘y’)
ax = plt.axes((0.3, 0.3, 0.5, 0.5))
ax.add_patch(polygon)
#依次隐藏上轴脊、左轴脊和右轴脊
ax.spines[‘top’].set_color(‘none’)
ax.spines[‘left’].set_color(‘none’)
ax.spines[‘right’].set_color(‘none’)
ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position(‘none’)
ax.set_yticklabels([])
plt.show()

3　实例2：深圳市24小时的平均风速（隐藏部分轴脊）

import numpy as np
from datetime import datetime
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.dates import DateFormatter, HourLocator
plt.rcParams[“font.sans-serif”] = [“SimHei”]
plt.rcParams[“axes.unicode_minus”] = False
dates = [‘201910240’,‘2019102402’,‘2019102404’,‘2019102406’,
‘2019102408’,‘2019102410’,‘2019102412’, ‘2019102414’,
‘2019102416’,‘2019102418’,‘2019102420’,‘2019102422’,‘201910250’ ]
x_date = [datetime.strptime(d, ‘%Y%m%d%H’) for d in dates]
y_data = np.array([7, 9, 11, 14, 8, 15, 22, 11, 10, 11, 11, 13, 8])
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes((0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0))
ax.plot(x_date, y_data, ‘->’, ms=8, mfc=’#FF9900’)
ax.set_title(‘深圳市24小时的平均风速’)
ax.set_xlabel(‘时间（h）’)
ax.set_ylabel(‘平均风速(km/h)’)
date_fmt = DateFormatter(’%H:%M’)
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(date_fmt)
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(HourLocator(interval=2))
ax.tick_params(direction=‘in’, length=6, width=2, labelsize=12)
ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(labelrotation=45)
#隐藏上轴脊和右轴脊
ax.spines[‘top’].set_color(‘none’)
ax.spines[‘right’].set_color(‘none’)
plt.show()

4　移动轴脊的位置

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpathes
xy = np.array([0.5,0.5])
polygon = mpathes.RegularPolygon(xy, 5, 0.2,color=‘y’)
ax = plt.axes((0.3, 0.3, 0.5, 0.5))
ax.add_patch(polygon)
#隐藏上轴脊和右轴脊
ax.spines[‘top’].set_color(‘none’)
ax.spines[‘right’].set_color(‘none’)
#移动轴脊的位置
ax.spines[‘left’].set_position((‘data’, 0.5))
ax.spines[‘bottom’].set_position((‘data’, 0.5))
plt.show()