图像分割代码演示

基于边缘检测的分割

Canny 边缘检测是一种非常流行的边缘检测算法,主要是求图像的梯度，再限定图像的阈值。 代码如下：

    import cv2

    import numpy as np

    from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

    img = cv2.imread(r'D:\jjnbl.jpg')

    kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.float32) / 9

    edges = cv2.Canny(img,100,200)

    edges2= cv2.dilate(edges, kernel, iterations=1)

    plt.subplot(131),plt.imshow(img,cmap = 'gray')

    plt.title('Original Image'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

    plt.subplot(132),plt.imshow(edges,cmap = 'gray')

    plt.title('Edge Image'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

    plt.subplot(133),plt.imshow(edges2,cmap = 'gray')

    plt.title('Edge Image with dilate'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

    plt.show()

结果：

 

得到的图片并不好，为了增强效果，最后一张图加了膨胀效果。 

基于区域增长的图像分割

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自动寻找种子点的代码：

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


#求两个点的差值
def getGrayDiff(image,currentPoint,tmpPoint):
    return abs(int(image[currentPoint[0],currentPoint[1]]) - int(image[tmpPoint[0],tmpPoint[1]]))
#区域生长算法
def regional_growth (gray,seeds,threshold=5) :
    #每次区域生长的时候的像素之间的八个邻接点
    connects = [(-1, -1), (0, -1), (1, -1), (1, 0), (1, 1), \
                        (0, 1), (-1, 1), (-1, 0)]
    threshold = threshold #生长时候的相似性阈值，默认即灰度级不相差超过15以内的都算为相同
    height, weight = gray.shape
    seedMark = np.zeros(gray.shape)
    seedList = []
    for seed in seeds:
        if(seed[0] < gray.shape[0] and seed[1] < gray.shape[1] and seed[0]  > 0 and seed[1] > 0):
            seedList.append(seed)   #将添加到的列表中
    print(seedList)
    label = 1	#标记点的flag
    while(len(seedList)>0):     #如果列表里还存在点
        currentPoint = seedList.pop(0)  #将最前面的那个抛出
        seedMark[currentPoint[0],currentPoint[1]] = label   #将对应位置的点标志为1
        for i in range(8):  #对这个点周围的8个点一次进行相似性判断
            tmpX = currentPoint[0] + connects[i][0]
            tmpY = currentPoint[1] + connects[i][1]
            if tmpX < 0 or tmpY < 0 or tmpX >= height or tmpY >= weight:    #如果超出限定的阈值范围
                continue    #跳过并继续
            grayDiff = getGrayDiff(gray,currentPoint,(tmpX,tmpY))   #计算此点与像素点的灰度级之差
            if grayDiff < threshold and seedMark[tmpX,tmpY] == 0:
                seedMark[tmpX,tmpY] = label
                seedList.append((tmpX,tmpY))
    return seedMark

#初始种子选择
def originalSeed(gray):
    ret, img1 = cv2.threshold(gray, 245, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)  # 二值图，种子区域(不同划分可获得不同种子)
    retval, labels, stats, centroids = cv2.connectedComponentsWithStats(img1)#进行连通域操作，取其质点
    centroids = centroids.astype(int)#转化为整数
    # seed = []
    # for i  in range(img1.shape[0]):
    #     for j in range(img1.shape[1]):
    #         if(img1[i,j] == 255):
    #             seed.append([i,j])

    return centroids

# if __name__ == "__main__":
img = cv2.imread('10.2.png')
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
seed = originalSeed(img)
img = regional_growth(img,seed)

# 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
# 图像显示
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))  # width * height
plt.subplot(111), plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray'), plt.title('区域生长以后'), plt.axis("off")
plt.show()
print("ok...")

结果：

基于聚类 Kmeans的图像分割

    import numpy as np
    import cv2
    from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
    img_data=cv2.imread('D:\jjnbl.jpg')/255.0
    plt.subplot(121),plt.imshow(img_data,cmap = 'gray')
    plt.title('Original Image'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
    #kernel=np.ones((4,4,),np.float32)/16
    #img_data = cv2.filter2D(img_data, -1, kernel)
    #对图片进行一下滤波平滑可能会更好看一点
    row,col= img_data.shape[0],img_data.shape[1]
    img_data=img_data.reshape((row*col,3))
    label = KMeans(n_clusters=2).fit_predict(img_data)  # 聚类中心的个数为3
    label = label.reshape([row, col]) *50+50 # 聚类获得每个像素所属的类别
    plt.subplot(122),plt.imshow(label,cmap='gray')
    plt.title('Edge Image'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
    plt.show()

运行结果：