【go语言圣经】练习1.4-1.6

练习1.4

描述：修改 dup2 ，出现重复的行时打印文件名称
代码：

// Dup2 prints the count and text of lines that appear more than once
// in the input. It reads from stdin or from a list of named files.
package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
)

func main() {
	counts := make(map[string]int)

	files := os.Args[1:] //命令行go run xx.go [文件名1] [文件名2]....

	//判断是否存在文件，如果不存在文件直接从标准命令行输入
	if len(files) == 0 {
		countLines(os.Stdin, counts)
	} else {
		for _, arg := range files {
			f, err := os.Open(arg)
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "dup2: %v\n", err)
				continue
			}
			countLines2(f, counts, arg)
			f.Close()
		}
	}
	//打印相同行
	for line, n := range counts {
		if n > 1 {
			fmt.Printf("%d\t%s\n", n, line)
		}
	}
}
func countLines(f *os.File, counts map[string]int) {
	input := bufio.NewScanner(f)
	for input.Scan() {
		counts[input.Text()]++
	}
	// NOTE: ignoring potential errors from input.Err()
}

func countLines2(f *os.File, counts map[string]int, arg string) {
	input := bufio.NewScanner(f)
	for input.Scan() {
		counts[input.Text()]++
		if counts[input.Text()] > 1 {
			fmt.Println("出现重复行，文件名为:", arg)
		}
	}
	// NOTE: ignoring potential errors from input.Err()
}

运行：

练习1.5

描述： 修改前面的Lissajous程序里的调色板，由黑色改为绿色。我们可以用 color.RGBA{0xRR, 0xGG, 0xBB, 0xff} 来得到 #RRGGBB 这个色值，三个十六进制的字符串分别代表红、绿、蓝像素。

代码：

package main

import (
	"image"
	"image/color"
	"image/gif"
	"io"
	"math"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"time"
)

var green = color.RGBA{0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF}  //生成绿色
var palette = []color.Color{color.White, green} //生成一个slice切片

const (
	whiteIndex = 0 // first color in palette
	blackIndex = 1 // next color in palette
)

func main() {
	// The sequence of images is deterministic unless we seed
	// the pseudo-random number generator using the current time.
	// Thanks to Randall McPherson for pointing out the omission.
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UTC().UnixNano())
	lissajous(os.Stdout)
}
func lissajous(out io.Writer) {
	const (
		cycles  = 5     // number of complete x oscillator revolutions
		res     = 0.001 // angular resolution
		size    = 100   // image canvas covers [-size..+size]
		nframes = 64    // number of animation frames
		delay   = 8     // delay between frames in 10ms units
	)
	freq := rand.Float64() * 3.0        // relative frequency of y oscillator
	anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes} //struct结构体
	phase := 0.0                        // phase difference
	for i := 0; i < nframes; i++ {
		rect := image.Rect(0, 0, 2*size+1, 2*size+1)
		img := image.NewPaletted(rect, palette)
		for t := 0.0; t < cycles*2*math.Pi; t += res {
			x := math.Sin(t)
			y := math.Sin(t*freq + phase)
			img.SetColorIndex(size+int(x*size+0.5), size+int(y*size+0.5),
				blackIndex)
		}
		phase += 0.1
		anim.Delay = append(anim.Delay, delay)
		anim.Image = append(anim.Image, img)
	}
	gif.EncodeAll(out, &anim) // NOTE: ignoring encoding errors
}

运行：

1. 打开cmd（一定得是cmd，powershell会出错）
2. 构建exe

go build main.go
main.exe >outGreen.gif

3. 得到动图
   

练习1.6

描述：修改Lissajous程序，修改其调色板来生成更丰富的颜色，然后修改SetColorIndex
的第三个参数，看看显示结果吧。
代码：

package main

import (
	"image"
	"image/color"
	"image/gif"
	"io"
	"math"
	"math/rand"
	"os"
	"time"
)

var green = color.RGBA{0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF} //生成绿色
var red = color.RGBA{0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF}
var blue = color.RGBA{0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF}
var palette = []color.Color{color.White, green, red, blue} //生成一个slice切片

const (
	whiteIndex = 0 // first color in palette
	greenIndex = 1 // next color in palette
	redIndex   = 2
	blueIndex  = 3
)

func main() {
	// The sequence of images is deterministic unless we seed
	// the pseudo-random number generator using the current time.
	// Thanks to Randall McPherson for pointing out the omission.
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UTC().UnixNano())
	lissajous(os.Stdout)
}
func lissajous(out io.Writer) {
	const (
		cycles  = 5     // number of complete x oscillator revolutions
		res     = 0.001 // angular resolution
		size    = 100   // image canvas covers [-size..+size]
		nframes = 64    // number of animation frames
		delay   = 8     // delay between frames in 10ms units
	)
	freq := rand.Float64() * 3.0        // relative frequency of y oscillator
	anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes} //struct结构体
	phase := 0.0                        // phase difference
	for i := 0; i < nframes; i++ {
		rect := image.Rect(0, 0, 2*size+1, 2*size+1)
		img := image.NewPaletted(rect, palette)
		for t := 0.0; t < cycles*2*math.Pi; t += res {
			x := math.Sin(t)
			y := math.Sin(t*freq + phase)
			
			// 设置随机数种子
			rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
			// 生成范围为 {0, 1, 2} 的随机数
			colorIndex := rand.Intn(4)
			
			img.SetColorIndex(size+int(x*size+0.5), size+int(y*size+0.5),
				uint8(colorIndex))
		}
		phase += 0.1
		anim.Delay = append(anim.Delay, delay)
		anim.Image = append(anim.Image, img)
	}
	gif.EncodeAll(out, &anim) // NOTE: ignoring encoding errors
}

运行：
为了生成更加丰富的颜色，我添加了红绿蓝到调色板，并设置了随机数来选取每一次用哪种颜色。
按照练习1.5运行（时间相对久一点点），得到下图：