高数习题第七章总练习题（上）

1. 画出下列累次积分所对应的二重积分的几分区域的草图，并改变累计积分的积分次序：
   (1) ${\int }_0^{1}dx{\int }_2^{4-2x}dy;$
   (2) ${\int }_0^{1}dy{\int }_y^{\sqrt{y}}dx;$
   (3) ${\int }_0^{\frac{3}{2}}dx{\int }_0^{9-4x^2}16xdy;$
   (4) ${\int }_0^{1}dy{\int }_{-\sqrt{1-y^2}}^{\sqrt{1-y^2}}3ydx.$
   解：
   (1) ${\int }_0^{1}dx{\int }_2^{4-2x}dy={\int }_2^{4}dy{\int }_0^{2-\frac{y}{2}}dx$
   (2) ${\int }_0^{1}dy{\int }_y^{\sqrt{y}}dx={\int }_0^{1}dx{\int }_{x^2}^{x}dy$
   (3) ${\int }_0^{\frac{3}{2}}dx{\int }_0^{9-4x^2}16xdy={\int }_0^{9}dy{\int }_0^{\frac{\sqrt{9-y}}{2}}16xdx$
   (4) ${\int }_0^{1}dy{\int }_{-\sqrt{1-y^2}}^{\sqrt{1-y^2}}3ydx={\int }_{-1}^{1}dx{\int }_0^{\sqrt{1-x^2}}3ydy$
2. 求下列曲线所围之面积：
   (1) 抛物线$x=-y^2$与直线$y=x+2;$
   (2) 抛物线$x=y^2$与直线$x=2y-y^2.$
   解：
   (1) 求出交点$(-1,1),(-4,-2)$，所以面积为$S={\int }_{-2}^{1}dy{\int }_{y-2}^{-y^2}dx=\frac{9}{2}$
   (2) 求出交点$(0,0),(1,1)$，所以面积为$S={\int }_0^{1}dy{\int }_{y^2}^{2y-y^2}dx=\frac{1}{3}$
3. 画出下列累次积分所对应的二重积分的积分区域的草图，并求其面积：
   (1) ${\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}dx{\int }_{sinx}^{cosx}dy;$
   (2) ${\int }_{-1}^{0}dx{\int }_{-2x}^{1-x}dy+{\int }_0^{2}dx{\int }_{-\frac{x}{2}}^{1-x}dy.$
   解：
   (1) ${\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}dx{\int }_{sinx}^{cosx}dy={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}(cosx-sinx)dx=\sqrt{2}-1$
   (2) ${\int }_{-1}^{0}dx{\int }_{-2x}^{1-x}dy+{\int }_0^{2}dx{\int }_{-\frac{x}{2}}^{1-x}dy=\frac{3}{2}$
4. 求下列累次积分：
   (1) ${\int }_0^{1}dy{\int }_{2y}^{2}4cos(x^2)dx;$
   (2) ${\int }_0^{8}dx{\int }_{x^{\frac{1}{3}}}^2\frac{dy}{1+y^4}.$
   解：
   (1) ${\int }_0^{1}dy{\int }_{2y}^{2}4cos(x^2)dx={\int }_0^{2}dx{\int }_0^{\frac{x}{2}}4cos(x^2)dy={\int }_0^{2}2xcos(x^2)dx=sin4$
   (2) ${\int }_0^{8}dx{\int }_{x^{\frac{1}{3}}}^2\frac{dy}{1+y^4}={\int }_0^{2}dy{\int }_0^{y^3}\frac{dx}{1+y^4}={\int }_0^2\frac{y^3}{1+y^4}dy=\frac{ln17}{4}$
5. 设函数$f(x,y)$在区域D上可积，$f(x,y)$在D上的平均值定义为$f在D的平均值=\frac{1}{D的面积}{\iint }_{D}f(x,y)d\sigma$
   (1) 求$f(x,y)=xcos(xy)$在区域$D:0\le x\le \pi ,0\le y\le 1$上的平均值;
   (2) 求$f(x,y)=sin(x+y)$在区域$D:0\le x\le \pi ,0\le y\le \frac{\pi }{2}$上的平均值.
   解：
   (1) $S=\frac{{\int }_0^{\pi }dx{\int }_0^{1}xcos(xy)dy}{\pi }=\frac{{\int }_0^{\pi }sinxdx}{\pi }=\frac{2}{\pi }$
   (2) $S=\frac{{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}dy{\int }_0^{\pi }sin(x+y)dx}{\frac{{\pi }^2}{2}}=\frac{4{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}cosydy}{{\pi }^2}=\frac{4}{{\pi }^2}$
6. 设一薄板由抛物线$x=y-y^2$和直线$x+y=0$所围，其面密度为$\rho (x,y)=x+y$，求改薄板对x轴的转动惯量.
   解：
   求交点$(-2,2),(0,0)$
   $J_x={\int }_0^{2}dy{\int }_{-y}^{y-y^2}{y}^2(x+y)dx={\int }_0^2\frac{1}{2}{y}^6-2y^5+2y^{4}dy=\frac{64}{105}$
7. 求下列薄板的质心坐标：
   (1) 薄板由直线$y=x$，$y=2-x$及y轴所围，面密度为$\rho (x,y)=3(2x+y+1);$
   (2) 薄板位于心脏线$r=1+cos\theta (0\le \theta <2\pi )$的内部且在圆$r=1(0\le \theta <2\pi )$的外部，面密度为常数.
   解：
   (1)
   $x_0=\frac{{\int }_0^{1}dx{\int }_x^{2-x}3x(2x+y+1)dy}{{\int }_0^{1}dx{\int }_x^{2-x}3(2x+y+1)dy}=\frac{{\int }_0^1-12x^3+12xdx}{{\int }_0^1-12x^2+12dx}=\frac{3}{8}$
   $y_0=\frac{{\int }_0^{1}dx{\int }_x^{2-x}3y(2x+y+1)dy}{{\int }_0^{1}dx{\int }_x^{2-x}3(2x+y+1)dy}=\frac{{\int }_0^1-2x^3-6x^2-6x+14dx}{{\int }_0^1-12x^2+12dx}=\frac{17}{16}$
   (2) 求交点$(1,\frac{\pi }{2}),(1,\frac{3\pi }{2})$
   $x_0=\frac{\rho {\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_1^{1+cos\theta }{r}^{2}cos\theta dr}{\rho {\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_1^{1+cos\theta }rdr}=\frac{{\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}(\frac{co{s}^4\theta }{3}+co{s}^3\theta +co{s}^2\theta )d\theta }{{\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}(\frac{co{s}^2\theta }{2}+cos\theta )d\theta }=\frac{\frac{5\pi }{8}+\frac{4}{3}}{\frac{\pi }{4}+2}=\frac{15\pi +32}{8\pi +48}$
   $y_0=\frac{\rho {\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_1^{1+cos\theta }{r}^{2}sin\theta dr}{\rho {\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_1^{1+cos\theta }rdr}=\frac{{\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}(\frac{co{s}^3\theta }{3}+co{s}^2\theta +cos\theta )sin\theta d\theta }{{\int }_{-\frac{\pi }{2}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}(\frac{co{s}^2\theta }{2}+cos\theta )d\theta }=0$
8. 求双纽线$r^2=4cos2\theta$所围区域的面积.
   解：
   $S=4{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}d\theta {\int }_0^{2\sqrt{cos2\theta }}rdr=8{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}cos2\theta d\theta =4$
9. 将下列累次积分化为极坐标下的累次积分，并计算其值：
   (1)${\int }_0^{1}dy{\int }_0^{\sqrt{1-y^2}}(x^2+y^2)dx;$
   (2)${\int }_0^{6}dy{\int }_0^{y}xdx;$
   (3)${\int }_0^{2}dx{\int }_0^{\sqrt{1-(x-1{)}^2}}3xydy;$
   (4)${\int }_{-1}^{1}dy{\int }_{-\sqrt{1-y^2}}^{\sqrt{1-y^2}}ln(x^2+y^2+1)dx.$
   解：
   (1)${\int }_0^{1}dy{\int }_0^{\sqrt{1-y^2}}(x^2+y^2)dx={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_0^1{r}^2\cdot rdr=\frac{\pi }{8}$
   (2)${\int }_0^{6}dy{\int }_0^{y}xdx={\int }_{\frac{\pi }{4}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_0^{\frac{6}{sin\theta }}rcos\theta \cdot rdr={\int }_{\frac{\pi }{4}}^{\frac{\pi }{2}}\frac{72cos\theta }{si{n}^3\theta }d\theta =36$
   (3)${\int }_0^{2}dx{\int }_0^{\sqrt{1-(x-1{)}^2}}3xydy={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_0^{2cos\theta }3r^{2}cos\theta sin\theta \cdot rdr={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}12co{s}^5\theta sin\theta d\theta =2$
   (4)${\int }_{-1}^{1}dy{\int }_{-\sqrt{1-y^2}}^{\sqrt{1-y^2}}ln(x^2+y^2+1)dx={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{1}ln(r^2+1)\cdot rdr=2\pi (ln2-\frac{1}{2})=\pi (ln4-1)$
10. 求心脏线$r=1+sin\theta (0\le \theta <2\pi )$所围区域中位于第一象限部分的面积.
    解：
    $S={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\theta {\int }_0^{1+sin\theta }rdr=\frac{1}{2}{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}(1+2sin\theta +si{n}^2\theta )d\theta =1+\frac{3\pi }{8}$
11. 求圆$x^2+y^2\le a^2$上所有的点$(x,y)$到原点的平均距离.
    解：
    $d=\frac{{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{a}r\cdot rdr}{{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{a}rdr}=\frac{\frac{2\pi a^3}{3}}{\pi a^2}=\frac{2a}{3}$