求下列外微分：
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d[y^2dx-(e^{y^3}+sinx)dy]
d[y2dx−(ey3+sinx)dy]
解：
d [ y 2 d x − ( e y 3 + s i n x ) d y ] = d y 2 ∧ d x − d ( e y 3 + s i n x ) ∧ d y = 2 y d y ∧ d x − c o s x d x ∧ d y = − ( 2 y + c o s x ) d x ∧ d y d[y^2dx-(e^{y^3}+sinx)dy]=dy^2\wedge dx-d(e^{y^3}+sinx)\wedge dy=2ydy\wedge dx-cosxdx\wedge dy=-(2y+cosx)dx\wedge dy d[y2dx−(ey3+sinx)dy]=dy2∧dx−d(ey3+sinx)∧dy=2ydy∧dx−cosxdx∧dy=−(2y+cosx)dx∧dy -
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d(2xydx+x^2dy)
d(2xydx+x2dy)
解： d ( 2 x y d x + x 2 d y ) = d ( 2 x y ) ∧ d x + d ( x 2 ) ∧ d y = 2 x d y ∧ d x + 2 x d x ∧ d y = 0 d(2xydx+x^2dy)=d(2xy)\wedge dx+d(x^2)\wedge dy=2xdy\wedge dx+2xdx\wedge dy=0 d(2xydx+x2dy)=d(2xy)∧dx+d(x2)∧dy=2xdy∧dx+2xdx∧dy=0 -
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d(ze^{(x+y)}dx\wedge dy+ytan(x^2z^3)dx\wedge dz).
d(ze(x+y)dx∧dy+ytan(x2z3)dx∧dz).
解： d ( z e ( x + y ) d x ∧ d y + y t a n ( x 2 z 3 ) d x ∧ d z ) = d ( z e ( x + y ) ) ∧ d x ∧ d y + d ( y t a n ( x 2 z 3 ) ) ∧ d x ∧ d z = e ( x + y ) d z ∧ d x ∧ d y + t a n ( x 2 z 3 ) d y ∧ d x ∧ d z = [ e ( x + y ) − t a n ( x 2 z 3 ) ] d x ∧ d y ∧ d z d(ze^{(x+y)}dx\wedge dy+ytan(x^2z^3)dx\wedge dz)=d(ze^{(x+y)})\wedge dx\wedge dy+d(ytan(x^2z^3))\wedge dx\wedge dz=e^{(x+y)}dz\wedge dx\wedge dy+tan(x^2z^3)dy\wedge dx\wedge dz=[e^{(x+y)}-tan(x^2z^3)]dx\wedge dy\wedge dz d(ze(x+y)dx∧dy+ytan(x2z3)dx∧dz)=d(ze(x+y))∧dx∧dy+d(ytan(x2z3))∧dx∧dz=e(x+y)dz∧dx∧dy+tan(x2z3)dy∧dx∧dz=[e(x+y)−tan(x2z3)]dx∧dy∧dz - 设
f
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f是一个零阶外微分形式，即光滑函数.又设
ω
\omega
ω是一个一阶外微分形式.证明
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d(f\cdot\omega)=df\wedge\omega+fd\omega
d(f⋅ω)=df∧ω+fdω
证明：
由于外微分的线性，只需证明 f = F ( x ) , ω = G ( x ) ∧ x 1 ∧ x 2 ⋯ ∧ x n f=F(\bm{x}),\omega=G(\bm{x})\wedge x_1\wedge x_2\cdots \wedge x_n f=F(x),ω=G(x)∧x1∧x2⋯∧xn的情况即可。
d ( f ⋅ ω ) = d ( F ( x ) G ( x ) ∧ x 1 ∧ x 2 ⋯ ∧ x n ) = d ( F ( x ) G ( x ) ) ∧ x 1 ∧ x 2 ⋯ ∧ x n = ∑ i = 1 n ( G ∂ F ∂ x i x i + F ∂ G ∂ x i x i ) ∧ x 1 ∧ x 2 ⋯ ∧ x n = ∑ i = 1 n ( G ∂ F ∂ x i x i ) ∧ x 1 ∧ x 2 ⋯ ∧ x n + ∑ i = 1 n ( F ∂ G ∂ x i x i ) ∧ x 1 ∧ x 2 ⋯ ∧ x n = d f ∧ ω + f d ω \begin{aligned} d(f\cdot\omega)&=d(F(\bm{x})G(\bm{x})\wedge x_1\wedge x_2\cdots \wedge x_n)\\ &=d(F(\bm{x})G(\bm{x}))\wedge x_1\wedge x_2\cdots \wedge x_n\\ &=\sum_{i=1}^n(G\frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i}x_i+F\frac{\partial G}{\partial x_i}x_i)\wedge x_1\wedge x_2\cdots \wedge x_n\\ &=\sum_{i=1}^n(G\frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i}x_i)\wedge x_1\wedge x_2\cdots \wedge x_n+\sum_{i=1}^n(F\frac{\partial G}{\partial x_i}x_i)\wedge x_1\wedge x_2\cdots \wedge x_n\\ &=df\wedge\omega+fd\omega\\ \end{aligned} d(f⋅ω)=d(F(x)G(x)∧x1∧x2⋯∧xn)=d(F(x)G(x))∧x1∧x2⋯∧xn=i=1∑n(G∂xi∂Fxi+F∂xi∂Gxi)∧x1∧x2⋯∧xn=i=1∑n(G∂xi∂Fxi)∧x1∧x2⋯∧xn+i=1∑n(F∂xi∂Gxi)∧x1∧x2⋯∧xn=df∧ω+fdω
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