POJ 1961 Period

Period

Time Limit: 3000MS		Memory Limit: 30000K
Total Submissions: 18748		Accepted: 9115

Description

For each prefix of a given string S with N characters (each character has an ASCII code between 97 and 126, inclusive), we want to know whether the prefix is a periodic string. That is, for each i (2 <= i <= N) we want to know the largest K > 1 (if there is one) such that the prefix of S with length i can be written as A ^K ,that is A concatenated K times, for some string A. Of course, we also want to know the period K.

Input

The input consists of several test cases. Each test case consists of two lines. The first one contains N (2 <= N <= 1 000 000) – the size of the string S.The second line contains the string S. The input file ends with a line, having the 
number zero on it.

Output

For each test case, output "Test case #" and the consecutive test case number on a single line; then, for each prefix with length i that has a period K > 1, output the prefix size i and the period K separated by a single space; the prefix sizes must be in increasing order. Print a blank line after each test case.

Sample Input

3
aaa
12
aabaabaabaab
0

Sample Output

Test case #1
2 2
3 3

Test case #2
2 2
6 2
9 3
12 4

题意：
给你一个字符串，求这个字符串到第i个字符为止的循环节的次数。
比如aabaabaabaab，长度为12.到第二个a时，a出现2次，输出2.到第二个b时，aab出现了2次，输出2.到第三个b时，
aab出现3次，输出3.到第四个b时，aab出现4次，输出4.

思路：kmp算法的next数组的理解。假设next数组中第i个数为k 表示这个字符（数字）前边的k个字符（数字）和
字符串前k个字符（数字）相同。

代码： 

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
const int N=1e6+10;

using namespace std;

char s[N];
int next[N];
int num[N];

void getnext()
{
	int i,j,k;
	memset(next,0,sizeof(next));
	int len=strlen(s);
	k=-1;
	next[0]=-1;
	j=0;
	while(j<len)
	{
		if(k==-1||s[j]==s[k]){
			next[++j]=++k;
		}
		else k=next[k];
	}
	
	/*
	for(i=0;i<=len;i++) printf("%d ",next[i]);
	
	printf("\n");*/
	for(i=2;i<=len;i++)
	{
		if(next[i]>0)
		{
			if(i%(i-next[i])==0){
				printf("%d %d\n",i,i/(i-next[i]));
			}
		}
    }
	return ;
}

int main()
{
	int cas;
	int len;
	while(~scanf("%d",&len)&&len)
	{
		scanf("%s",s);
		printf("Test case #%d\n",++cas);
		getnext();
		printf("\n");
	}
	return 0;
}