(一)DevOps 知识问答

👋 本文是对 https://github.com/bregman-arie/devops-exercises 仓库下内容的翻译与记录,翻译不当之处还望指出。

一、什么是 DevOps?

以下为部分公司对 DevOps 的定义:

Amazon(亚马逊):

原:“DevOps is the combination of cultural philosophies, practices, and tools that increases an organization’s ability to deliver applications and services at high velocity: evolving and improving products at a faster pace than organizations using traditional software development and infrastructure management processes. This speed enables organizations to better serve their customers and compete more effectively in the market.”

译:DevOps 是文化理念、实践和工具的结合,可提高组织高速交付应用程序服务的能力。相比使用传统软件开发和基础设施管理流程的组织,能够以更快的速度发展和改进产品。这种速度提升使组织能够更好地服务于客户并提升市场竞争力。

Microsoft(微软):

原:“DevOps is the union of people, process, and products to enable continuous delivery of value to our end users. The contraction of “Dev” and “Ops” refers to replacing siloed Development and Operations to create multidisciplinary teams that now work together with shared and efficient practices and tools. Essential DevOps practices include agile planning, continuous integration, continuous delivery, and monitoring of applications.”

译:DevOps 是人员、流程和产品的结合,为我们的终端用户持续交付价值。 “Dev”和“Ops”的缩写分别指开发和运营,拼接在一起旨在创建一个高效团队,该团队通过共享且高效率的实践和工具进行协同工作。基本的 DevOps 实践包括敏捷规划、持续集成、持续交付和应用程序监控。

Red Hat(红帽):

原:“DevOps describes approaches to speeding up the processes by which an idea (like a new software feature, a request for enhancement, or a bug fix) goes from development to deployment in a production environment where it can provide value to the user. These approaches require that development teams and operations teams communicate frequently and approach their work with empathy for their teammates. Scalability and flexible provisioning are also necessary. With DevOps, those that need power the most, get it—through self service and automation. Developers, usually coding in a standard development environment, work closely with IT operations to speed software builds, tests, and releases—without sacrificing reliability.”

译:DevOps 描述了加快一个想法(如一个新的软件特性、一个增强请求或一个错误修复)从开发到在生产环境中部署的过程的方法,在生产环境中,它可以为用户提供价值。这些方法要求开发团队和运维团队经常沟通,并对他们的团队成员感同身受。可伸缩性和灵活的配置也是必要的。对于那些最需要 DevOps 的用户,可以通过自助和自动来使用。开发人员通常在标准的开发环境中编写代码,与IT运营人员密切合作,以加快软件构建、测试和发布的速度——而不牺牲可靠性。

Google(谷歌):

原:“…The organizational and cultural movement that aims to increase software delivery velocity, improve service reliability, and build shared ownership among software stakeholders”

译:DevOps 旨在提高软件交付速度,提高服务可靠性,并在软件利益相关者之间建立共享所有权的组织和文化运动。

二、DevOps 能带来什么?有什么好处?

总结归纳为以下几点:

  • Collaboration(团队合作)
  • Improved delivery(改进交付)
  • Security(安全)
  • Speed(交付速度)
  • Scale(规模)
  • Reliability(可靠性)

三、一个成功的 DevOps 工程师或团队具备哪些特质?

回答可聚焦于以下几点:

  • Collaboration:协同管理能力
  • Communication:沟通能力
  • Set up and improve workflows and processes (related to testing, delivery, …):建立和优化工作流程能力
  • Dealing with issues:问题处理

四、进行工具或技术选型时的注意事项?

罗列以下几点:

  • mature/stable vs. cutting edge:成熟、稳定性与前沿性的选择取舍
  • community size:社区的规模
  • architecture aspects - agent vs. agentless, master vs. masterless, etc.:架构方面,代理模式 vs 无代理模式,主控 vs 无主控等
  • learning curve:学习曲线

五、各领域过程中的一些技术选型?

  • CI/CD(持续集成/持续交付):Jenkins、Circle CI、Travis、Drone、Argo CD、Zuul
  • Provisioning infrastructure(配置基础架构):Terraform、CloudFormation
  • Configuration Management(配置管理中心):Ansible、Puppet、Chef
  • Monitoring & alerting(监控&告警):Prometheus、Nagios
  • Logging(日志):Logstash、Graylog、Fluentd
  • Code Review(代码审查):Gerrit、Review Board
  • Code coverage(单测代码覆盖率):Cobertura、Clover、JaCoCo
  • Issue tracking(问题追踪) :Jira、Bugzilla
  • Containers and Containers Orchestration(容器和容器编排):Docker、Podman、Kubernetes、Nomad
  • Tests(测试):Robot、Serenity、Guage
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