半虚拟化与全虚拟化的区别

半虚拟化与全虚拟化的区别:

全虚拟化:guest系统每一次对于硬件的请求,都会由hypervisor(系统管理程序)接管,并转换成hypervisor的代码,由hypervisor负责对最终硬件进行操作。好处是guest系统每一次对于物理硬件的请求都会变为对hypervisor管理的虚拟硬件的请求,很好的隔离了guest系统与物理系统,当物理系统进行升级或者硬件更换时,无需修改guest系统。坏处则是每一指令转化会使得资源消耗过多。

半虚拟化:共享当前系统的硬件驱动,只负责guest系统请求的资源调度。好处是避免了对硬件请求的指令重写,提高了系统性能,有效的利用资源。坏处是每一次硬件系统升级要对guest系统改写。

半虚拟化工作方式:
半虚拟化由domain zero(零域)和hypervisor共同管理,零域负责guest系统的管理,类似于管理员的角色,hypervisor负责与底层硬件交互。

原生式和宿主式:
半虚拟化又分为原生式和宿主式,宿主式最典型的是vmware,vmware运行于一个安装好的操作系统中,并对安装在其上面的其他软件系统进行统一管理,由于宿主操作系统同时可能要运行其他的程序,导致虚拟系统效率不够稳定,优点则是安装方便。原生式比如Xen,由零域对其他guest系统进行管理,由于这种方式不需要一个宿主操作系统,所以原生式与硬件之间的管理层可以更轻薄。原生式类似于安装一个新的操作系统,宿主式类似于安装一个软件。
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In 1998, VMware figured out how to virtualize the x86 platform, once thought to be impossible, and created the market for x86 virtualization. The solution was a combination of binary translation and direct execution on the processor that allowed multiple guest OSes to run in full isolation on the same computer with readily affordable virtualization overhead. The savings that tens of thousands of companies have generated from the deployment of this technology is further driving the rapid adoption of virtualized computing from the desktop to the data center. As new vendors enter the space and attempt to differentiate their products, many are creating confusion with their marketing claims and terminology. For example, while hardware assist is a valuable technique that will mature and expand the envelope of workloads that can be virtualized, paravirtualization is not an entirely new technology that offers an “order of magnitude” greater performance. While this is a complex and rapidly evolving space, the technologies employed can be readily explained to help companies understand their options and choose a path forward. This white paper attempts to clarify the various techniques used to virtualize x86 hardware, the strengths and weaknesses of each, and VMware’s community approach to develop and employ the most effective of the emerging virtualization techniques. Figure 1 provides a summary timeline of x86 virtualization technologies from VMware’s binary translation to the recent application of kernel paravirtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization.

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