在大型项目开发中,坚实可靠的单元测试是非常重要的事情,尤其对那些经过很多的人经手的项目。回到过去人工手动的针对每一次改变,然后测试一个应用里面的,每一个单独的组件,这个是不可能的事情了。所以你的单元测试将会帮助你减轻测试应用组件的工作量,和改变你写测试的时候出现有些东西莫名其妙不能工作的状况。
Zend框架2 的API使用PHPUnit作为测试工具,所以本教程中的应用用的也是这个工具。有关PHPUnit的详细教程内容超出了本教程的范围,所以这里我们针对下面相关页面展示的内容,提供一个测试范例。这个教程是假定你已经安装了PHPUnit。
安装测试文件夹
在zf2-tutorial\module\Application中创建一个子文件夹叫做test ,整个文件夹结构如下:
zf2-tutorial/
/module
/Application
/test
/ApplicationTest
/Controller
test 文件夹的结构,是跟组件的源文件结构相对应的,这样做的好处是可以让你在测试的时候,依照良好的文件组织结构,容易查找对应的文件.
开始启动你的测试
在zf2-tutorial/module/Application/test路径下,接下来创建一个phpunit.xml.dist文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phpunit bootstrap="Bootstrap.php">
<testsuites>
<testsuite name="zf2tutorial">
<directory>./ApplicationTest</directory>
</testsuite>
</testsuites>
</phpunit>
A file called Bootstrap.php, also underzf-tutorial/module/Application/test:.组件中有个文件是Bootstrap.php,那么同样在zf-tutorial/module/Application/test下面也有一个类似的文件:这个文件是由Evan写的,可以直接用,不过就是把命名空间改一下就可以了
<?php
namespace ApplicationTest;//记得在你的测试代码里面记得修改这个命名空间
use Zend\Loader\AutoloaderFactory;
use Zend\Mvc\Service\ServiceManagerConfig;
use Zend\ServiceManager\ServiceManager;
use Zend\Stdlib\ArrayUtils;
use RuntimeException;
error_reporting(E_ALL | E_STRICT);
chdir(__DIR__);
class Bootstrap
{
protected static $serviceManager;
protected static $config;
protected static $bootstrap;
public static function init()
{
// Load the user-defined test configuration file, if it exists; otherwise, load
if (is_readable(__DIR__ . '/TestConfig.php')) {
$testConfig = include __DIR__ . '/TestConfig.php';
} else {
$testConfig = include __DIR__ . '/TestConfig.php.dist';
}
$zf2ModulePaths = array();
if (isset($testConfig['module_listener_options']['module_paths'])) {
$modulePaths = $testConfig['module_listener_options']['module_paths'];
foreach ($modulePaths as $modulePath) {
if (($path = static::findParentPath($modulePath)) ) {
$zf2ModulePaths[] = $path;
}
}
}
$zf2ModulePaths = implode(PATH_SEPARATOR, $zf2ModulePaths) . PATH_SEPARATOR;
$zf2ModulePaths .= getenv('ZF2_MODULES_TEST_PATHS') ?: (defined('ZF2_MODULES_TEST_PATHS') ? ZF2_MODULES_TEST_PATHS : '');
static::initAutoloader();
// use ModuleManager to load this module and it's dependencies
$baseConfig = array(
'module_listener_options' => array(
'module_paths' => explode(PATH_SEPARATOR, $zf2ModulePaths),
),
);
$config = ArrayUtils::merge($baseConfig, $testConfig);
$serviceManager = new ServiceManager(new ServiceManagerConfig());
$serviceManager->setService('ApplicationConfig', $config);
$serviceManager->get('ModuleManager')->loadModules();
static::$serviceManager = $serviceManager;
static::$config = $config;
}
public static function getServiceManager()
{
return static::$serviceManager;
}
public static function getConfig()
{
return static::$config;
}
protected static function initAutoloader()
{
$vendorPath = static::findParentPath('vendor');
if (is_readable($vendorPath . '/autoload.php')) {
$loader = include $vendorPath . '/autoload.php';
} else {
$zf2Path = getenv('ZF2_PATH') ?: (defined('ZF2_PATH') ? ZF2_PATH : (is_dir($vendorPath . '/ZF2/library') ? $vendorPath . '/ZF2/library' : false));
if (!$zf2Path) {
throw new RuntimeException('Unable to load ZF2. Run `php composer.phar install` or define a ZF2_PATH environment variable.');
}
include $zf2Path . '/Zend/Loader/AutoloaderFactory.php';
}
AutoloaderFactory::factory(array(
'Zend\Loader\StandardAutoloader' => array(
'autoregister_zf' => true,
'namespaces' => array(
__NAMESPACE__ => __DIR__ . '/' . __NAMESPACE__,
),
),
));
}
protected static function findParentPath($path)
{
$dir = __DIR__;
$previousDir = '.';
while (!is_dir($dir . '/' . $path)) {
$dir = dirname($dir);
if ($previousDir === $dir) return false;
$previousDir = $dir;
}
return $dir . '/' . $path;
}
}
Bootstrap::init();
还有个文件叫做 TestConfig.php.dist
<?php
return array(
'modules' => array(
'Application',
),
'module_listener_options' => array(
'config_glob_paths' => array(
'../../../config/autoload/{,*.}{global,local}.php',
),
'module_paths' => array(
'module',
'vendor',
),
),
);
这基本上跟config/application.config.php一样,但是我们只定义跟测试有关的组件
你的第一个测试控制器
接下来, 在zf-tutorial/module/Application/test/ApplicationTest/Controller下创建一个IndexControllerTest.php,内容如下:
<?php
namespace ApplicationTest\Controller;
use ApplicationTest\Bootstrap;
use Zend\Mvc\Router\Http\TreeRouteStack as HttpRouter;
use Application\Controller\IndexController;
use Zend\Http\Request;
use Zend\Http\Response;
use Zend\Mvc\MvcEvent;
use Zend\Mvc\Router\RouteMatch;
use PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase;
class IndexControllerTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
protected $controller;
protected $request;
protected $response;
protected $routeMatch;
protected $event;
protected function setUp()
{
$serviceManager = Bootstrap::getServiceManager();
$this->controller = new IndexController();
$this->request = new Request();
$this->routeMatch = new RouteMatch(array('controller' => 'index'));
$this->event = new MvcEvent();
$config = $serviceManager->get('Config');
$routerConfig = isset($config['router']) ? $config['router'] : array();
$router = HttpRouter::factory($routerConfig);
$this->event->setRouter($router);
$this->event->setRouteMatch($this->routeMatch);
$this->controller->setEvent($this->event);
$this->controller->setServiceLocator($serviceManager);
}
}
这里,依照Tom Oram的一篇日志Unit Testing a ZF 2 Controller里面的内容,做一点扩展,就是在setUp()方法然后直接在控制其中设置EventManager和ServiceLocator。虽然这个不是很重要目前,但是我们需要在后面进一步写更多测试内容的时候,需要用到它。
现在,添加下面的方法函数到IndexControllerTest 类中去:
public function testIndexActionCanBeAccessed()
{
$this->routeMatch->setParam('action', 'index');
$result = $this->controller->dispatch($this->request);
$response = $this->controller->getResponse();
$this->assertEquals(200, $response->getStatusCode());
}
这个测试是检查首页回应的http状态码是否为200,并且控制器的返回值是否是一个Zend\View\Model\ViewModel对象。
开始测试!!
最后, cd 到zf-tutorial/module/Application/test/ 然后开始unit下. 如果你看到如下提示,你的测试结果成功!
PHPUnit 3.5.15 by Sebastian Bergmann.
.
Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 5.75Mb
OK (1 test, 2 assertions)