WENDOWS API GDI绘图函数 输出 圆

本文为大家简单介绍如何使用GDI函数画出一个圆和正方形 ，效果图如下：

<<windows 程序设计>>这本书中关于绘制简单图形的代码如下:

/*--------------------------------------------------
   LINEDEMO.C -- Line-Drawing Demonstration Program
                 (c) Charles Petzold, 1998
  --------------------------------------------------*/

#include <windows.h>
 
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
     static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("LineDemo") ;
     HWND         hwnd ;
     MSG          msg ;
     WNDCLASS     wndclass ;
     
     wndclass.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
     wndclass.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc ;
     wndclass.cbClsExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.cbWndExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.hInstance     = hInstance ;
     wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
     wndclass.hCursor       = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
     wndclass.lpszMenuName  = NULL ;
     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
     
     if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
     {
          MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("Program requires Windows NT!"), 
                      szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     
     hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Line Demonstration"),
                          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
     
     ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
     UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
     
     while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
     {
          TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
          DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
     }
     return msg.wParam ;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
     static int  cxClient, cyClient ;
     HDC         hdc ;
     PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
     
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_SIZE:
          cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
          cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
          return 0 ;
          
     case WM_PAINT:
          hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
          
          Rectangle (hdc,     cxClient / 8,     cyClient / 8,
                          7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8) ;
          
          MoveToEx  (hdc,        0,        0, NULL) ;
          LineTo    (hdc, cxClient, cyClient) ;
          
          MoveToEx  (hdc,        0, cyClient, NULL) ;
          LineTo    (hdc, cxClient,        0) ;
          
          Ellipse   (hdc,     cxClient / 8,     cyClient / 8,
                          7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8) ;
          
          RoundRect (hdc,     cxClient / 4,     cyClient / 4,
                          3 * cxClient / 4, 3 * cyClient / 4,
                              cxClient / 4,     cyClient / 4) ;
          
          EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
          return 0 ;
          
     case WM_DESTROY:
          PostQuitMessage (0) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}

运行结果如下 :

 

 

绘制线段 矩形 椭圆 椭圆矩形的函数如下:

 Rectangle (hdc,     cxClient / 8,     cyClient / 8,
                          7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8) ;
          
          MoveToEx  (hdc,        0,        0, NULL) ;
          LineTo    (hdc, cxClient, cyClient) ;
          
          MoveToEx  (hdc,        0, cyClient, NULL) ;
          LineTo    (hdc, cxClient,        0) ;
          
          Ellipse   (hdc,     cxClient / 8,     cyClient / 8,
                          7 * cxClient / 8, 7 * cyClient / 8) ;
          
          RoundRect (hdc,     cxClient / 4,     cyClient / 4,
                          3 * cxClient / 4, 3 * cyClient / 4,
                              cxClient / 4,     cyClient / 4) ;

我们知道,正方形是特殊的矩形、圆是特殊的椭圆（哈哈，小学的知识排上用场了），于是乎，既然能用这个函数画出矩形和椭圆的话，那么我们来改变一下Rectangle函数和Ellipse函数的参数就能轻而易举的画出一个圆或者一个正方形。

以Ellipse函数介绍其参数

Ellipse函数有五个参数 ：hdc （设备环境句柄）、xLeft ,yTop （左上角的坐标）、xRight,yBottom（右下角的坐标），我们需要做的就是获取左上角和右下角的坐标。

一般client（窗口客户区）的纵横比例是16:9 ; 于是 通过计算就可以轻而易举的得到两点坐标值 ，而这个计算只需要简单的初中数学知识 。比如 设横坐标是x，纵坐标是y，那么中心的坐标就是（x/2,y/2），那么xLeft=(x/2-y/2) ， yTop=0，xRight=(x/2+y/2)， yBottom=y 。 这样就得出了两点的坐标值，只需要写入程序就可以得到想要的圆了 。

 

API 代码 如下 ：

/*--------------------------------------------------
   LINEDEMO.C -- Line-Drawing Demonstration Program
                 (c) Charles Petzold, 1998
  --------------------------------------------------*/

#include <windows.h>
 
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
     static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("LineDemo") ;
     HWND         hwnd ;
     MSG          msg ;
     WNDCLASS     wndclass ;
     
     wndclass.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
     wndclass.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc ;
     wndclass.cbClsExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.cbWndExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.hInstance     = hInstance ;
     wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
     wndclass.hCursor       = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
     wndclass.lpszMenuName  = NULL ;
     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
     
     if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
     {
          MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("Program requires Windows NT!"), 
                      szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     
     hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("圆"),
                          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
     
     ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
     UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
     
     while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
     {
          TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
          DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
     }
     return msg.wParam ;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
     static int  cxClient, cyClient ;
     HDC         hdc ;
     PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
     
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_SIZE:
          cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
          cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
          return 0 ;
          
     case WM_PAINT:
          hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
          
          Rectangle (hdc, 7* cxClient / 32,  0 ,
			              25*cxClient / 32,  cyClient ) ;
          
          
          Ellipse   (hdc, 7* cxClient / 32,  0 ,
			              25*cxClient / 32,  cyClient ) ;

          EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
          return 0 ;
          
     case WM_DESTROY:
          PostQuitMessage (0) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}