C++多态与模板结合

以下代码摘自muduo库, 实现的很漂亮, 非常值得学习 , 具体说明可以参考(书<<Linux多线程服务端编程–使用muduo C++网络库>>的P234-P235)

• dispatcher.h

// Copyright 2011, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.
//
// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)

#ifndef MUDUO_EXAMPLES_PROTOBUF_CODEC_DISPATCHER_H
#define MUDUO_EXAMPLES_PROTOBUF_CODEC_DISPATCHER_H

#include "muduo/base/noncopyable.h"
#include "muduo/net/Callbacks.h"

#include <google/protobuf/message.h>

#include <map>

#include <type_traits>

typedef std::shared_ptr<google::protobuf::Message> MessagePtr;

class Callback : muduo::noncopyable
{
 public:
  virtual ~Callback() = default;
  virtual void onMessage(const muduo::net::TcpConnectionPtr&,
                         const MessagePtr& message,
                         muduo::Timestamp) const = 0;
};

template <typename T>
class CallbackT : public Callback
{
  static_assert(std::is_base_of<google::protobuf::Message, T>::value,
                "T must be derived from gpb::Message.");
 public:
  typedef std::function<void (const muduo::net::TcpConnectionPtr&,
                                const std::shared_ptr<T>& message,
                                muduo::Timestamp)> ProtobufMessageTCallback;

  CallbackT(const ProtobufMessageTCallback& callback)
    : callback_(callback)
  {
  }

  void onMessage(const muduo::net::TcpConnectionPtr& conn,
                 const MessagePtr& message,
                 muduo::Timestamp receiveTime) const override
  {
    std::shared_ptr<T> concrete = muduo::down_pointer_cast<T>(message);
    assert(concrete != NULL);
    callback_(conn, concrete, receiveTime);
  }

 private:
  ProtobufMessageTCallback callback_;
};

class ProtobufDispatcher
{
 public:
  typedef std::function<void (const muduo::net::TcpConnectionPtr&,
                                const MessagePtr& message,
                                muduo::Timestamp)> ProtobufMessageCallback;

  explicit ProtobufDispatcher(const ProtobufMessageCallback& defaultCb)
    : defaultCallback_(defaultCb)
  {
  }

  void onProtobufMessage(const muduo::net::TcpConnectionPtr& conn,
                         const MessagePtr& message,
                         muduo::Timestamp receiveTime) const
  {
    CallbackMap::const_iterator it = callbacks_.find(message->GetDescriptor());
    if (it != callbacks_.end())
    {
      it->second->onMessage(conn, message, receiveTime);
    }
    else
    {
      defaultCallback_(conn, message, receiveTime);
    }
  }

  template<typename T>
  void registerMessageCallback(const typename CallbackT<T>::ProtobufMessageTCallback& callback)
  {
  	// 直接保存了具体类型CallbackT
    std::shared_ptr<CallbackT<T> > pd(new CallbackT<T>(callback));
    callbacks_[T::descriptor()] = pd;
  }

 private:
  typedef std::map<const google::protobuf::Descriptor*, std::shared_ptr<Callback> > CallbackMap;

  CallbackMap callbacks_;
  ProtobufMessageCallback defaultCallback_;
};
#endif  // MUDUO_EXAMPLES_PROTOBUF_CODEC_DISPATCHER_H

• main.cc

#include "examples/protobuf/codec/dispatcher.h"

#include "examples/protobuf/codec/query.pb.h"

#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

typedef std::shared_ptr<muduo::Query> QueryPtr;
typedef std::shared_ptr<muduo::Answer> AnswerPtr;

void test_down_pointer_cast()
{
  ::std::shared_ptr<google::protobuf::Message> msg(new muduo::Query);
  ::std::shared_ptr<muduo::Query> query(muduo::down_pointer_cast<muduo::Query>(msg));
  assert(msg && query);
  if (!query)
  {
    abort();
  }
}

void onQuery(const muduo::net::TcpConnectionPtr&,
             const QueryPtr& message,
             muduo::Timestamp)
{
  cout << "onQuery: " << message->GetTypeName() << endl;
}

void onAnswer(const muduo::net::TcpConnectionPtr&,
              const AnswerPtr& message,
              muduo::Timestamp)
{
  cout << "onAnswer: " << message->GetTypeName() << endl;
}

void onUnknownMessageType(const muduo::net::TcpConnectionPtr&,
                          const MessagePtr& message,
                          muduo::Timestamp)
{
  cout << "onUnknownMessageType: " << message->GetTypeName() << endl;
}

int main()
{
  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
  test_down_pointer_cast();

  ProtobufDispatcher dispatcher(onUnknownMessageType);
  dispatcher.registerMessageCallback<muduo::Query>(onQuery);
  dispatcher.registerMessageCallback<muduo::Answer>(onAnswer);

  muduo::net::TcpConnectionPtr conn;
  muduo::Timestamp t;

  std::shared_ptr<muduo::Query> query(new muduo::Query);
  std::shared_ptr<muduo::Answer> answer(new muduo::Answer);
  std::shared_ptr<muduo::Empty> empty(new muduo::Empty);
  dispatcher.onProtobufMessage(conn, query, t);
  dispatcher.onProtobufMessage(conn, answer, t);
  dispatcher.onProtobufMessage(conn, empty, t);

  google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();
}