Java配置方式是Spring4.x推荐的配置方式,可以完全替代xml配置文件
Spring的Java配置方式是通过@Configuration和@Bean这两个注解实现的
@Configuration: 作用于类上,相当于一个xml配置文件
@Bean: 作用于方法上,相当于xml配置文件中的<bean>
下面通过一个示例来具体了解一下Spring的Java配置方式
1.创建一个Maven工程并导入pom依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2.创建User对象
package cn.ysjh.springboot.Pojo;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
3.创建UserDao用于模拟数据
package cn.ysjh.springboot.Dao;
import cn.ysjh.springboot.Pojo.User;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UserDao {
public List<User> getUser() {
ArrayList<User> result = new ArrayList<>();
User user1 = new User();
User user2 = new User();
user1.setUsername("小明");
user1.setPassword("1234");
user1.setAge(20);
user2.setUsername("小强");
user2.setPassword("5678");
user2.setAge(22);
result.add(user1);
result.add(user2);
return result;
}
}
4.创建UserService用于数据操作逻辑
package cn.ysjh.springboot.Service;
import cn.ysjh.springboot.Dao.UserDao;
import cn.ysjh.springboot.Pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao dao;
public List<User> UserList(){
return dao.getUser();
}
}
5.创建SpringConfig用于实例化Spring容器
package cn.ysjh.springboot;
import cn.ysjh.springboot.Dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration //通过该注解来表明该类是一个Spring的配置,相当于一个xml文件
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "cn.ysjh.springboot") //配置扫描包
public class SpringConfig {
@Bean //通过该注解来表明是一个Bean对象,相当于xml中的<bean>
public UserDao getDao(){
return new UserDao();
}
}
6.创建Test类进行测试
package cn.ysjh.springboot;
import cn.ysjh.springboot.Pojo.User;
import cn.ysjh.springboot.Service.UserService;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import java.util.List;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 通过Java配置来实例化Spring容器
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
//在Spring容器中获取Bean对象
UserService service = applicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);
List<User> list = service.UserList();
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user.getUsername() + ", " + user.getPassword() + ", " + user.getAge());
}
// 销毁该容器
applicationContext.destroy();
}
}
7.运行结果
从上边的示例可以看出,使用Java配置方式可以完美的替代xml配置文件,并且结构更加清晰