/*(文件注释头部开始)
*程序的版权和版本声明部分
*程序的版权和版本声明部分
*Copyright (c) 2011,烟台大学计算机学院学生
*All rights reserved.
*文件名称:
*作 者:王智凯
*All rights reserved.
*文件名称:
*作 者:王智凯
*完成日期:2011年5月13号
*版本号:凯子
*版本号:凯子
* 对任务及求解方法的描述部分
* 输入描术: 虚函数
* 程序头部的注释结束 */
* 程序头部的注释结束 */
(任务1.1)请写出程序的执行结果,并在上机时对照理解
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. " << endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
};
class Car: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const { cout << "run a car. " << endl; }
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const { cout << "run a airplane. " << endl;}
};
int main()
{
cout << "(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle v;
v.run();
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
car.run();
airplane.run();
cout << "(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle *vp;
vp = &car;
vp -> run();
vp = &airplane;
vp -> run();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数:
run a vehicle.
run a car.
run a airplane.
(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数:
run a vehicle.
run a vehicle.
Press any key to continue
(任务1.2)如果将Vehicle 类的定义修改为虚函数,其余不变,请写出程序的执行结果,并在上机时对
照理解
class Vehicle
{public:
virtual void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
};
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle
{
public:
virtual void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. " << endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
};
class Car: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const { cout << "run a car. " << endl; }
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const { cout << "run a airplane. " << endl;}
};
int main()
{
cout << "(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle v;
v.run();
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
car.run();
airplane.run();
cout << "(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle *vp;
vp = &car;
vp -> run();
vp = &airplane;
vp -> run();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数:
run a vehicle.
run a car.
run a airplane.
(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数:
run a car.
run a airplane.
Press any key to continue
(任务1.3)如果将Vehicle 类的定义修改为纯虚函数,找出main()函数中将使编译出错的行删除(或改
为注释),请写出程序的执行结果,并在上机时对照理解
class Vehicle
{public:
virtual void run() const = 0; //(3) run()为纯虚函数
};
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle
{
public:
virtual void run() const = 0; //(3) run()为纯虚函数
};
class Car: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const { cout << "run a car. " << endl; }
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const { cout << "run a airplane. " << endl;}
};
int main()
{
cout << "(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: " << endl;
//Vehicle v;
//v.run();
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
car.run();
airplane.run();
cout << "(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle *vp;
vp = &car;
vp -> run();
vp = &airplane;
vp -> run();
return 0;
}
运行结果:
(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数:
run a car.
run a airplane.
(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数:
run a car.
run a airplane.
Press any key to continue
上机感言:通过对三个程序的运行,对虚函数的运用有了一定的心得体会。
1.当一个函数被声明称虚函数时,其派生类中的同名函数都变成虚函数;
2.虚函数只能用于类的继承层次结构中;