从零到一新手教程 - JAVA Spring MVC

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-20 11:00:46 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-20 11:00:46 发布

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分类专栏： JAVA - Spring Framework

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ytdxyhz/article/details/51601052

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这篇教程详细介绍了如何从零开始搭建一个简单的Spring MVC项目。通过创建dynamic Web project，配置web.xml和spring-dispatcher-servlet.xml，以及编写Student.java控制器，展示了如何处理HTTP请求并展示JSP页面。用户首先访问AdmissionForm.jsp输入信息，提交后数据被处理并显示在AdmissionSuccess.jsp上。

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简单明了的Spring MVC 基础教学.

该简单工程的功能流程 : 1. 打开一个 jsp 页面输入必要的信息 2. 将输入的信息存储到 obejct 中 3. 将存储在 object 中的信息传输到另一个 jsp页面并显示.

1. 建立 dynamic Web project, 并创建以下文件, 文件路径如图显示

2. 下载 jar 包并添加

从这个链接下载. 点我. (我使用的是4.0.4版本的) 复制粘贴到lib文件夹中, 然后选中所有你刚粘贴到lib中的jar, 右键 build path -> add ....

3. web.xml 代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>SpringMVCTutorial</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>
  		org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
  	</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>spring-dispatcher</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
</web-app

解释: 个人理解, 因为即使是spring mvc 但是它还是java web project (servlet等), 所以所有的请求都首先会来到web.xml这个配置文件, 然后根据这个文件来进行接下来的操作, 从以上代码可以看出来, 我们配置了一个servlet 名称为sping-dispatcher. 所以无论什么请求只要来到web.xml,那么都会被映射到spring-dispatcher-servlet.xml中.

sping-dispatcher.xml 代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
	">
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.tutorial.studentadmissioncontroller"/>
	
	<bean id="viewResolver"
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
	<property name="prefix">
		<value>/WEB-INF/</value>
	</property>	
	<property name="suffix">
		<value>.jsp</value>
	</property>
	</bean>

	
</beans>

解释: 刚才说到所有请求会从web.xml 来到 spring-dispatcher-servlet.xml中, 在这个里面重要的是 <context>, 和<bean>.

<context:component-scan base-package="..."> 这行代码, 告诉spring mvc 我们的controller 类到包含在这个包里面了, 想要对从web.xml里面来的那个请求进行处理,就从这个包里面找好了.

<bean> ... </bean>这个里面包含的所有东西, 就有一个目的就是对从 controller 中返回的请求进行寻找相对应的jsp/html等文件来显示.

Student.java 代码如下:

package com.tutorial.studentadmissioncontroller;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;

public class Student {
	private String studentName;
	private String studentHobby; 
	private Long studentMobile;
	private Date studentDOB;
	private ArrayList<String> studentSkills;
	private Address address;
	
	public Address getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(Address address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	public Date getStudentDOB() {
		return studentDOB;
	}
	public void setStudentDOB(Date studentDOB) {
		this.studentDOB = studentDOB;
	}
	public ArrayList<String> getStudentSkills() {
		return studentSkills;
	}
	public void setStudentSkills(ArrayList<String> studentSkills) {
		this.studentSkills = studentSkills;
	}
	public Long getStudentMobile() {
		return studentMobile;
	}
	public void setStudentMobile(Long studentMobile) {
		this.studentMobile = studentMobile;
	}
	public String getStudentName() {
		return studentName;
	}
	public void setStudentName(String studentName) {
		this.studentName = studentName;
	}
	public String getStudenthobby() {
		return studentHobby;
	}
	public void setStudenthobby(String studenthobby) {
		this.studentHobby = studenthobby;
	}
	

}

Address.java 代码如下:

package com.tutorial.studentadmissioncontroller;

public class Address {
	
	private String country;
	private String city;
	private String street;
	private int pincode;
	public String getCountry() {
		return country;
	}
	public void setCountry(String country) {
		this.country = country;
	}
	public String getCity() {
		return city;
	}
	public void setCity(String city) {
		this.city = city;
	}
	public String getStreet() {
		return street;
	}
	public void setStreet(String street) {
		this.street = street;
	}
	public int getPincode() {
		return pincode;
	}
	public void setPincode(int pincode) {
		this.pincode = pincode;
	}

}

StudentAdmissionController.java 代码如下

package com.tutorial.studentadmissioncontroller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;


@Controller
public class StudentAdmissionController {

	@RequestMapping(value="/admissionForm.html", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public ModelAndView getAdmission(){
		
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("AdmissionForm");
		return model;
		
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value="/submitAdmissionForm.html", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public ModelAndView submitForm( @ModelAttribute("student") Student student, BindingResult result,
									@RequestParam(value="defaultvalue", defaultValue="this is a defaultvalue")String value){
		if(result.hasErrors()){
			ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("AdmissionForm");
			System.out.println("There are some errors...");
			return model;
		}
		ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("AdmissionSuccess");
		
		return model;
	
	}
}

解释:这个类是spring mvc 的核心, annotation 在这儿被使用.

1. 当我们运行该项目的时候, 我们首先要使用http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCTutorial/admissionForm.html 来访问AdmisionForm.jsp. spring mvc framework会从该链接中提取 admissionForm.html然后到controller类中找相应的mapping. 发现 ok, 一个叫getAdmission()的方法匹配上了,那么接下来的动作都是在这个方法中. 进入该方法, 我们定义了一个ModelAndView 并且传给他一个参数 AdmissionForm 并且 return. 这个return操作, 会把这个AdmissionForm 传递给spring-dispatcher-servlet.xml 中的<bean>, 然后<bean> 将会在 /WEB-INF/中找AdmissionForm.jsp, 最AdmissionForm.jsp被显示.

2. 当我们在AdmissionForm.jsp中填写好信息之后, 点击submit, 这个请求还会进行web.xml -> spring-dispatcher-servlet.xml - > StudentAdmissionController.java 因为在AdmissionForm.jsp中的action的链接为/SpringMVCtutorial/submitAdmissionForm.html 所以这次在StudentAdmissionController.java中寻找的就是submitAdmissionForm.html , 然后你可以对输入的数据进行操作( 对于spring是如何把从AdmissionForm.jsp中输入的信息封装到studnet类和address类的, 可以留言提问. 不在这里赘述). 最终返回到AdmissionSuccess.jsp

AdmissionForm.jsp 代码如下:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>AdmissionForm</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>STUDENT ADMISSION FORM FOR ENGINEERING COURSES</h1>

<form action="/SpringMVCtutorial/submitAdmissionForm.html" method="POST">
		<p>
			student name : <input type="text" name="studentName"/>
		</p>
		
		<p>
			student Hobby : <input type="text" name="studentHobby" />
		</p>
		
		<p>
			student studentMobile : <input type="text" name="studentMobile" />
		</p>
		<p>
			student studentDOB : <input type="text" name="studentDOB" />
		</p>
		<p>
			student studentSkills : <input type="text" name="studentSkills" />
		</p>
		<p>
			default value : <input type="text" name="defaultvalue">
		</p>
		
		<h3>Student address</h3>
		<p>country <input type="text" name="address.country"/>	</p>
		<p>city <input type="text" name="address.city"/>	</p>
		<p>street <input type="text" name="address.street"/></p>
		<p>pin <input type="text" name="address.pincode" /></p>
				
		<input type="submit" value="Submit">

</form>
</body>
</html>

AdmissionSuccess.jsp代码如下:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Success</title>
</head>
<body>
</h1>																 
<h2>this is the student details : </h2>
<p> ${student.studentName} </p>
<p> ${student.studenthobby}</p>
<p> ${student.studentMobile}</p>
<p> ${student.studentDOB}</p>
<p> ${student.studentSkills}</p>
<h3>the student address</h3>
<p>${student.address.country}</p>
<p>${student.address.city}</p>
<p>${student.address.street}</p>
<p>${student.address.pincode}</p>
</body>
</html>

4. 使用

http://localhost:8080/SpringMVCTutorial/admissionForm.html

进行测试