Mysql 修改字符集（Zabbix）

一.查询字符集

1.查询Mysql数据库系统字符集

show variables like '%character%';

MariaDB [information_schema]> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

2.查询Mysql支持的字符集

show charset;

MariaDB [information_schema]> show charset;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                 | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese    | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European           | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European           | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European            | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian       | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European        | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                    | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese             | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese          | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew           | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                 | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean               | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian            | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese   | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek            | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European    | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese      | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish          | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian          | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode               | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode               | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                 | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak  | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European        | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European           | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European        | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic          | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode               | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic            | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode              | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic              | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic              | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode              | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset       | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian            | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese   | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese   | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+

3.查询数据库字符集

show create database zabbix;

MariaDB [(none)]> show create database zabbix;
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                                   |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zabbix   | CREATE DATABASE `zabbix` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.查询表字符集

select TABLE_NAME,TABLE_TYPE,TABLE_COLLATION from information_schema.tables where TABLE_SCHEMA='zabbix';

MariaDB [(none)]> select TABLE_NAME,TABLE_TYPE,TABLE_COLLATION from information_schema.tables where TABLE_SCHEMA='zabbix';
+----------------------------+------------+-------------------+
| TABLE_NAME                 | TABLE_TYPE | TABLE_COLLATION   |
+----------------------------+------------+-------------------+
| acknowledges               | BASE TABLE | latin1_swedish_ci |
| actions                    | BASE TABLE | latin1_swedish_ci |
| alerts                     | BASE TABLE | latin1_swedish_ci |
| application_discovery      | BASE TABLE | latin1_swedish_ci |
| application_prototype      | BASE TABLE | latin1_swedish_ci |
| application_template       | BASE TABLE | latin1_swedish_ci |
| applications               | BASE TABLE | latin1_swedish_ci |
| auditlog                   | BASE TABLE | latin1_swedish_ci |
| auditlog_details           | BASE TABLE | latin1_swedish_ci |
.......

5.查询列字符集

 select COLUMN_NAME,DATA_TYPE,CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,CHARACTER_SET_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.columns  where TABLE_SCHEMA='zabbix' and CHARACTER_SET_NAME='latin1';

MariaDB [(none)]> select COLUMN_NAME,DATA_TYPE,CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,CHARACTER_SET_NAME,COLLATION_NAME from information_schema.columns  where TABLE_SCHEMA='zabbix' and CHARACTER_SET_NAME='latin1';
+------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+
| COLUMN_NAME            | DATA_TYPE | CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH | CHARACTER_SET_NAME | COLLATION_NAME    |
+------------------------+-----------+--------------------------+--------------------+-------------------+
| message                | varchar   |                      255 | latin1             | latin1_swedish_ci |
| name                   | varchar   |                      255 | latin1             | latin1_swedish_ci |
| esc_period             | varchar   |                      255 | latin1             | latin1_swedish_ci |
| def_shortdata          | varchar   |                      255 | latin1             | latin1_swedish_ci |
......

二.修改字符集

1.修改数据库字符集

在 /etc/my.ini中加入character-set-server   = utf8 ，重启mysql

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

character-set-server   = utf8 

2.修改database字符集

ALTER DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_general_ci;

MariaDB [(none)]> show create database zabbix;
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                                   |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| zabbix   | CREATE DATABASE `zabbix` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
+----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> ALTER DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show create database zabbix;
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                                 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| zabbix   | CREATE DATABASE `zabbix` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

3.修改表的字符集

alter table zabbix.users character set = utf8;

MariaDB [(none)]>  show create table zabbix.users;

| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

| users | CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `userid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL
  PRIMARY KEY (`userid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |


MariaDB [(none)]> alter table zabbix.users character set = utf8;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)               
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [(none)]>  show create table zabbix.users;

| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

| users | CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `userid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL
  PRIMARY KEY (`userid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 批量修改表字符集,执行以下语句后，会将表以及表中所有列的字符集均修改为utf8

select concat('alter table ',table_name,' convert to character set  utf8;') from information_schema.tables where table_schema='zabbix';

批量生成修改语句

MariaDB [zabbix]> select concat('alter table ',table_name,' convert to character set  utf8;') from information_schema.tables where table_schema='zabbix';
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| concat('alter table ',table_name,' convert to character set  utf8;')   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| alter table acknowledges convert to character set  utf8;               |
| alter table actions convert to character set  utf8;                    |
| alter table alerts convert to character set  utf8;                     |
| alter table application_discovery convert to character set  utf8;      |
| alter table application_prototype convert to character set  utf8;      |
......

4.修改列字符集