Android View的四个构造函数

重写View的构造

• Java

public class CustomView extends View {
    public CustomView(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public CustomView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs,0);
    }

    public CustomView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
    }
}

• kotlin

class ImageCropView(
    context: Context,
    attrs: AttributeSet? = null,
    defStyleAttr: Int = 0
) :
    AppCompatImageView(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) {

	//二级构造函数，可以不加
    @JvmOverloads
    constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet? = null) : this(context, attrs, 0) {
    }
	
	...
}

class BaseEditView : FrameLayout {

    constructor(context: Context) : this(context, null, 0)

    constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?) : this(context, attrs, 0)

    constructor(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet?, defStyle: Int) : super(
        context,
        attrs,
        defStyle
    ) {
        //添加xml布局到界面上
        LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.base_editor_view, this, true)
    }

}

自定义View通过xml传参问题

• 自定义view的参数通过xml传入，通过构造函数的AttributeSet取出
• 通过DataBinding方式进行传值，不需要额外定义values/attrs文件

第一个构造函数

第一个构造函数用途并不大，主要是在java代码中声明一个View时所用，不过如果只用第一个构造函数，声明的View并没有任何的参数，基本是个空的View对象。

	/**
     * Simple constructor to use when creating a view from code.
     *
     * @param context The Context the view is running in, through which it can
     *        access the current theme, resources, etc.
     */
    public View(Context context) 

第二个构造函数

我们自定义View，并且在在布局文件中引用时，在系统初始化该View时会调用第二个构造函数。
所以，如果在xml中引用了自定义View，则必须要重写该方法

	 /**
     * Constructor that is called when inflating a view from XML. This is called
     * when a view is being constructed from an XML file, supplying attributes
     * that were specified in the XML file. This version uses a default style of
     * 0, so the only attribute values applied are those in the Context's Theme
     * and the given AttributeSet.
     *
     * <p>
     * The method onFinishInflate() will be called after all children have been
     * added.
     *
     * @param context The Context the view is running in, through which it can
     *        access the current theme, resources, etc.
     * @param attrs The attributes of the XML tag that is inflating the view.
     * @see #View(Context, AttributeSet, int)
     */
    public View(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs)

第三个构造方法

View类的后两个构造函数都是与主题相关的，也就是说，在你自定义View时，如果不需要你的View随着主题变化而变化，有前两个构造函数就OK了，但是如果你想你的View随着主题变化而变化，就需要利用后两个构造函数了。
第三个参数defStyleAttr，是一个属性资源
只要在主题中对这个属性赋值，该View就会自动应用这个属性的值。

	/**
     * Perform inflation from XML and apply a class-specific base style from a
     * theme attribute. This constructor of View allows subclasses to use their
     * own base style when they are inflating. For example, a Button class's
     * constructor would call this version of the super class constructor and
     * supply <code>R.attr.buttonStyle</code> for <var>defStyleAttr</var>; this
     * allows the theme's button style to modify all of the base view attributes
     * (in particular its background) as well as the Button class's attributes.
     *
     * @param context The Context the view is running in, through which it can
     *        access the current theme, resources, etc.
     * @param attrs The attributes of the XML tag that is inflating the view.
     * @param defStyleAttr An attribute in the current theme that contains a
     *        reference to a style resource that supplies default values for
     *        the view. Can be 0 to not look for defaults.
     * @see #View(Context, AttributeSet)
     */
    public View(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr)

第四个构造方法

View类的后两个构造函数都是与主题相关的，也就是说，在你自定义View时，如果不需要你的View随着主题变化而变化，有前两个构造函数就OK了，但是如果你想你的View随着主题变化而变化，就需要利用后两个构造函数了。
只有在第三个参数defStyleAttr为0，或者主题中没有找到这个defStyleAttr属性的赋值时，才可以启用

	/**
     * Perform inflation from XML and apply a class-specific base style from a
     * theme attribute or style resource. This constructor of View allows
     * subclasses to use their own base style when they are inflating.
     * <p>
     * When determining the final value of a particular attribute, there are
     * four inputs that come into play:
     * <ol>
     * <li>Any attribute values in the given AttributeSet.
     * <li>The style resource specified in the AttributeSet (named "style").
     * <li>The default style specified by <var>defStyleAttr</var>.
     * <li>The default style specified by <var>defStyleRes</var>.
     * <li>The base values in this theme.
     * </ol>
     * <p>
     * Each of these inputs is considered in-order, with the first listed taking
     * precedence over the following ones. In other words, if in the
     * AttributeSet you have supplied <code><Button * textColor="#ff000000"></code>
     * , then the button's text will <em>always</em> be black, regardless of
     * what is specified in any of the styles.
     *
     * @param context The Context the view is running in, through which it can
     *        access the current theme, resources, etc.
     * @param attrs The attributes of the XML tag that is inflating the view.
     * @param defStyleAttr An attribute in the current theme that contains a
     *        reference to a style resource that supplies default values for
     *        the view. Can be 0 to not look for defaults.
     * @param defStyleRes A resource identifier of a style resource that
     *        supplies default values for the view, used only if
     *        defStyleAttr is 0 or can not be found in the theme. Can be 0
     *        to not look for defaults.
     * @see #View(Context, AttributeSet, int)
     */
    public View(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes)

属性的优先级

一个属性可以在多个地方赋值，xml定义，xml中引入style，theme中直接指定，defStyleAttr,defStyleRes 这5个地方。

优先级 xml定义>style>theme