SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ入门学习（一）

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ入门学习（一）

一、前言

 本文使用SpringBoot整合了RabbitMQ，并给出极简的例子是来展示RabbitMQ的最常见和最基础的用法。
 相关名词解释：

• Exchange： 交换机，每个交换机可以有多个列队，每个交换机只能对应一个路由规则。

• Queue: 消息队列，RabbitMQ中的消息都只能存储在Queue中，生产者生产消息并最终投递到Queue中，消费者可以从Queue中获取消息并消费。同一个队列中的消息只会被消费一次。

• RoutingKey: 路由Key,消费发送者将消息发送出去时，一般会绑定一个路由key,路由key可以指定某些特定的消息接收者。

• 路由规则： RabbitMQ中有4中路由规则（fanout， direct， topic， headers）

  • fanout：fanout模式，广播模式，凡是绑定了这个路由器的所有队列，都会接收消息，无论有没有指定路由key,无差别接收。

  • direct：direct模式,完全匹配路由key，非完全匹配的key不会接收到消息。

  • topic： topic模式不同于direct的严格匹配，topic使用*，#可以做到模糊匹配

  • headers： 几乎不用，详细问度娘。

• 几种模式图解
  
  
  
  

二、Docker安装RabbitMQ

1. docker pull rabbitmq:3.7.7-management

2. docker run -d --name my-rabbitmq -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 -v `pwd`/data:/var/lib/rabbitmq --hostname myRabbit -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=my_vhost  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123456 rabbitmq:3.7.7-management

3.可以使用浏览器打开web管理端：http://你的服务器IP地址:15672

 账号：admin 密码：123456

三、引入依赖

 <!--rabbitmq-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    </dependency>

四、SpringBoot配置RabbitMQ

##rabbitmq配置
  rabbitmq:
      host: 47.98.135.314
      username: admin
      password: 123456
      virtual-host: my_vhost
      port: 5672

五、RabbitMQ的使用

1、消息发送者

public class MessageSender {



    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

	 @RequestMapping("/testFanout")
    public void testRabbitMq1(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("Fanout-exchange","Fanout-key1","以Fanout模式发送消息");
    }

    @RequestMapping("/testDirect")
    public void testRabbitMq2(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("Direct-exchange","Direct-key1","以Direct模式发送消息");
    }

    @RequestMapping("/testTopic")
    public void testRabbitMq3(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("Topic-exchange","#","以Topic模式发送消息");
    }
   

}

2、消息消费方

@Service
public class RabbitMqService {
    
    /** 
    * @Description: 测试fanout模式
    * @Param: [msg]
    * @Date: 2020/1/10 0010
    */ 


    //1.key完全匹配
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            key = "Fanout-key1",
            value = @Queue("Fanout-Queue1"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Fanout-exchange",type = "fanout")

    ))
    public void testFanout1(String msg){
        System.out.println("Fanout消费1[Key完全匹配]------>"+msg);
    }
    //2.key不匹配
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            key = "Fanout-key222",
            value = @Queue("Fanout-Queue2"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Fanout-exchange",type = "fanout")

    ))
    public void testFanout2(String msg){
        System.out.println("Fanout消费2[Key不匹配]------>"+msg);
    }
    //3.没有key
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(

            value = @Queue("Fanout-Queue3"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Fanout-exchange",type = "fanout")

    ))
    public void testFanout3(String msg){
        System.out.println("Fanout消费3[没有key]------>"+msg);
    }




    /**
     * @Description: 测试direct模式
     * @Param: [msg]
     * @Date: 2020/1/10 0010
     */
    //1.完全匹配
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            key = "Direct-key1",
            value = @Queue("Direct-Queue1"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Direct-exchange",type = "direct")

    ))
    public void testDirect1(String msg){
        System.out.println("Direct消费1[完全匹配]------>"+msg);
    }
    //2.同一队列，key完全匹配的情况下，消息只会被消费一次
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            key = "Direct-key1",
            value = @Queue("Direct-Queue1"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Direct-exchange",type = "direct")

    ))
    public void testDirect2(String msg){
        System.out.println("Direct消费2[key匹配+队列匹配]------>"+msg);
    }
    //3.同一队列，key完不同，消息不会被消费
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            key = "Direct-key2",
            value = @Queue("Direct-Queue1"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Direct-exchange",type = "direct")

    ))
    public void testDirect6(String msg){
        System.out.println("Direct消费2[key匹配+队列不匹配]------>"+msg);
    }

    //4.不同队列，key完全匹配的情况下，不同队列都会消费
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            key = "Direct-key1",
            value = @Queue("Direct-Queue2"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Direct-exchange",type = "direct")

    ))
    public void testDirect3(String msg){
        System.out.println("Direct消费2[key匹配+队列不匹配]------>"+msg);
    }

    //5.key不同，消息不会被消费
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            key = "Direct-key2",
            value = @Queue("Direct-Queue1"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Direct-exchange",type = "direct")

    ))
    public void testDirect4(String msg){
        System.out.println("Direct消费2[key不匹配]------>"+msg);
    }



    /**
     * @Description: 测试Topic模式
     * @Param: [msg]
     * @Date: 2020/1/10 0010
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            key = "Topic.#",
            value = @Queue("T-Queue1"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Topic-exchange",type = "topic")

    ))
    public void testTopic1(String msg){
        System.out.println("Topic消费1[匹配模式Topic.xxx.xxx]------>"+msg);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            key = "Topic.*",
            value = @Queue("T-Queue2"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "Topic-exchange",type = "topic")

    ))
    public void testTopic2(String msg){
        System.out.println("Topic消费2[匹配模式Topic.xxx]------>"+msg);
    }



}

3、测试结果

Fanout,用上面代码测试 ** /testFanout**

Direct，用上面代码测试 ** /testDirect**

Topic

测试：

测试：