矩阵和向量相乘的一些性质
[ a 11 a 21 a 31 a 12 a 22 a 32 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ x 1 N a 2 N a 3 N ] [ x 1 x 2 x 3 ] = [ a 1 a 2 a 3 ] [ x 1 x 2 x 3 ] = x 1 a 1 + x 2 a 2 + x 3 a 3 \begin{aligned} {\left[\begin{array}{ccc} a_{11} & a_{21} & a_{31} \\ a_{12} & a_{22} & a_{32} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\ x_{1 N} & a_{2 N} & a_{3 N} \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l} x_{1} \\ x_{2} \\ x_{3} \end{array}\right] } &=\left[\begin{array}{lll} \mathbf{a}_{\mathbf{1}} & \mathbf{a}_{\mathbf{2}} & \mathbf{a}_{\mathbf{3}} \end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{l} x_{1} \\ x_{2} \\ x_{3} \end{array}\right] &=x_{1} \mathbf{a}_{\mathbf{1}}+x_{2} \mathbf{a}_{\mathbf{2}}+x_{3} \mathbf{a}_{\mathbf{3}} \end{aligned} ⎣⎢⎢⎢⎡a11a12⋮x1Na21a22⋮a2Na31a32⋮a3N⎦⎥⎥⎥⎤⎣⎡x1x2x3⎦⎤=[a1a2a3]⎣⎡x1x2x3⎦⎤=x1a1+x2a2+x3a3
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