java语法基础（二）--数组

1.一维数组

1.1 一维数组的定义

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] a = new int[10], b;
        float[] f = new float[210];
        double[] c = new double[10];
        char[] d = new char[100];
    }
}

1.2一维数组的初始化

public class Main {
    public static void main(Srting[] args) {
        int[] a = {0, 1, 2};  //长度为三的数组,元素分别为0,1,2
        double[] b = new double[3]; //长度为三的数组，元素都为0
        char[] c = {'a', 'b', 'c'}; //字符数组的初始化
    }
}

1.3访问数组元素
通过数组的下标访问数组

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] a = {0, 1, 2};
        System.out.printf("%d %d %d\n",a[0],a[1],a[2]);
        a[0]=5;
        System.out.printf("%d\n",a[0]);
    }
}

练习一：求斐波那契数列的第N项

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int n = sc.nextInt();

        int[] f = new int[n + 1];
        f[0] = 0;
        f[1] = 1;
        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i ++ )
            f[i] = f[i - 1] + f[i - 2];

        System.out.println(f[n]);
    }
}

练习2：输入n个数，然后倒序输出它

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int n = sc.nextInt();
        int[] a = new int[n];
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            a[i] = sc.nextInt();
        }
        for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
        {
            System.out.printf("%d ",a[i]);
        }
    }
}

练习3：输入n个数然后从大到小排列

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int n = sc.nextInt();
        int[] a = new int[n];
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
            a[i] = sc.nextInt();
        }
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
            for(int j=i+1;j<n;j++) {
                if(a[i]<a[j]) {
                    int t=a[i];
                    a[i]=a[j];
                    a[j]=t;
                }
            }
        }
        for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--) {
            System.out.printf("%d ",a[i]);
        }
    }
}

2.多维数组

多维数组就是数组的数组

public class Main {
    private static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] a = new int[10][20];//大小为10的数组，每个元素是含有20个元素的数组
        int[][][] b = new int[10][20][30];//将所有元素初始化为0
        //大小为10的数组，它的元素是含有20个元素的书组成
        //这些数组元素是含有30个整数的数组
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] a = {   //3个元素，每一个元素都是大小为5的数组
          {0,1,2,3,4},//第一行的元素
          {5,6,7,7,9},//第二行的元素
          {10,11,12,13,14}//第三行的元素
        };
        
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++) {
            a[0][i]=0;//第一行的所有元素都初始化为0；
        }
        
        for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
            for(int j=0;j<5;j++) {
                System.out.printf("%d ",a[i][j]);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    } 
}

3.数组的范围遍历

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] a = {
            {0,1,2,3},
            {4,5,6,7},
            {8,9,10,11}
        };
        
        for(int[] row:a) {
            for(int x:row) {
                System.out.printf("%d ",x);
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

4.常用API

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int n = sc.nextInt();
        int[] q = new int[n];
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
            q[i] = sc.nextInt();
        }
        Arrays.sort(q);//默认是从小到大排序
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(q));
    }
}

从大到小排序

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int n = sc.nextInt();
        Integer[] q = new Integer[n];
        for(Integer i=0;i<n;i++) {
            q[i] = sc.nextInt();
        }
        
        Arrays.sort(q, (x,y) -> { 
            return y - x;
        });
        
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(q));
    }
}

多维数组用deepToString转化成字符串类型

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[][] a = {
            {0,1,2,3},
            {4,5,6,7},
            {8,9,10,11}
        };
        Arrays.sort(a, (x,y) -> { 
            return x[0] - y[0];
        });
        
        System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
    }
}