java基础篇：Runtime、System、cleaner、clone等基础类

Runtime

描述运行时的状态，也就是说在整个的JVM之中，Runtime类是唯一一个与JVM状态有关的类，并且都会默认提供有一个默认的该类的实例化对象。

• 单例模式实现，Runtime.getRuntime()

• 保存的是JVM维护的系统信息

           Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
          System.out.println("可用进程数：" + runtime.availableProcessors());
          System.out.println("最大内存：" + runtime.maxMemory()/1024/1024 + "M");
          System.out.println("总内存：" + runtime.totalMemory()/1024/1024+ "M");
          System.out.println("可用的内存：" + runtime.freeMemory()/1024/1024+ "M");
          runtime.gc();
  

System类

• 数组拷贝：public static void arraycopy()
• 获取当前时间数组：System.currentTimeMillis()
• 进行垃圾回收：System.gc() ，就是调用的Runtime.gc()

cleaner

• 1.9之后提供了,java.lang.ref.Cleaner,当类被回收的时候，会调用的此方法，你可以在类中干点什么事情，比如喊一句“我要死了”、主要的功能是进行替代finialize()方法

• finialize()方法，1.9之前调用方式

  class Member{
      public Member(){
          System.out.println("构造方法，诞生类");
      }
  
      @Override
      protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
          System.out.println("回收方法");
          throw new Exception("我还要再活500年");
      }
  }
  
  public class test {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
          Member member = new Member();
          member = null;
          Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
      }
  }
  

• cleaner()方式，虽然比finialize麻烦了，但是效率更高了

  • CleaningExample implements AutoCloseableCleaningExample 是继承于AutoCloseable
  • 新的监听对象回收的方法，在需要在一个新的线程中执行，效率更高
  • 步骤如下：
    • 被监听的类需要实现Runnable接口
    • 创建一个Cleaning，将类注册到里面去
    • 主线程中需要初始化 Cleaning类

class Member implements Runnable{
    public Member(){
        System.out.println("构造方法，诞生类");
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("清除方法");
    }
}

class MemberCleaning implements AutoCloseable{
    private static final Cleaner cleaner = Cleaner.create();
    private Member member;
    private Cleaner.Cleanable cleanable;
    public MemberCleaning(Member member){
        this.member = member; //创建新对象
        this.cleanable  = this.cleaner.register(this, this.member);
    }
    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        this.cleanable.clean();//启动线程
    }
}

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    	Member member = new Member();
        try(MemberCleaning mc = new MemberCleaning(member)){

        }catch (Exception e){}
    }
}

clone克隆

• Object中的方法，所以，所有的类都可以被克隆，但是该类必须实现Cloneable接口

class Member implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Member(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Member{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, CloneNotSupportedException {
        Member memberA = new Member("zhangsan",18);
        Member memberB = (Member) memberA.clone();
        System.out.println(memberA);
        System.out.println(memberB);

    }
}