PyQt5实现父窗口内点击按钮显示子窗口（窗口嵌套功能）

摘要：在软件中，常会有点击某个按钮，显示一个新的子界面的需求，本文介绍如何在PyQt5中实现这一功能，主要涉及知识点是“信号与槽函数的自动绑定”。

程序说明：

1.开发环境：win10系统，pycharm2021，python3.7

2.实现功能：Excel文件合并；

3.界面设计：PyQT5

1.效果图

1.1 父窗口界面

 1.2 子窗口界面

 二、代码结构

1.主要包含三个文件：父（主）窗口文件、子窗口文件、运行主文件；

 2.代码

2.1 main.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'main.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_Form(object):
    def setupUi(self, Form):
        Form.setObjectName("Form")
        Form.resize(621, 337)
        Form.setStyleSheet("")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 50, 271, 51))
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
        self.pushButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 150, 271, 51))
        self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")

        self.retranslateUi(Form)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    def retranslateUi(self, Form):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Form", "报告自动生成"))
        self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("Form", "报表自动合并"))

2.2 excelMerger.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'excelMerger.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again.  Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_Dialog(object):
    def setupUi(self, Dialog):
        Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
        Dialog.resize(626, 300)
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(280, 20, 101, 31))
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 90, 91, 16))
        self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
        self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
        self.lineEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(160, 90, 341, 20))
        self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(510, 90, 75, 23))
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
        self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 140, 91, 16))
        self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
        self.lineEdit_2 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Dialog)
        self.lineEdit_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(160, 140, 171, 20))
        self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName("lineEdit_2")
        self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)
        self.pushButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(270, 210, 141, 41))
        self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")

        self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)

    def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("Dialog", "报表自动合并页面"))
        self.label_2.setText(_translate("Dialog", "选择文件路径："))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "选择路径"))
        self.label_3.setText(_translate("Dialog", "设置文件名称："))
        self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("Dialog", "点击运行"))

2.3 index.py

import  sys
import main as u1
import excelMerger as u2
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import  *

class SecondWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(SecondWindow, self).__init__(parent)
        self.ui = u2.Ui_Dialog()
        self.ui.setupUi(self)

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
        self.ui = u1.Ui_Form()
        self.ui.setupUi(self)


    def on_pushButton_2_clicked(self):
        print(123)
        win2.show()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = MainWindow()
    win.show()
    win2 = SecondWindow()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

3.代码解释

3.1 主窗口文件按钮设置：

 代码：

QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

代码功能：实现对象通过名字来自动绑定槽函数，也就是说如果槽函数的名字与对象某个事件的名字相同，将会实现自动绑定。

3.2 运行文件代码解释：

 on_按钮名称_clicked  实现自动绑定。