[基础] YUV 格式简介

【音视频基础系列】
YUV格式简介 (本文)
色彩空间简介（YUV与RGB转换）

---

分类

YUV格式按照存储可分为packed formats和planar formats两类。
- packed formats
指Y，U(Cb)，V(Cr) packed，图像以像素为单位存储;
- planar formats
指每个分量分开存储，三个分量依次存储。

YUV格式按照存储精度(bpp)，又可分为4:2:0, 4:2:2, 4:4:4等。

因为人眼对于色度分量较为不敏感，所以视频编码使用的原始序列多是YUV 4:2:0格式。

定义

• packed yuv

Label	FOURCC in Hex	Bits per pixel	Description
AYUV	0x56555941	32	Combined YUV and alpha
CLJR	0x524A4C43	8	Cirrus Logic format with 4 pixels packed into a u_int32. A form of YUV 4:1:1 wiht less than 8 bits per Y, U and V sample.
cyuv	0x76757963	16	Essentially a copy of UYVY except that the sense of the height is reversed - the image is upside down with respect to the UYVY version.
GREY	0x59455247	8	Apparently a duplicate of Y800 (and also, presumably, “Y8 “)
IRAW	0x57615349	?	Intel uncompressed YUV. I have no information on this format - can you help?
IUYV	0x56595549	16	Interlaced version of UYVY (line order 0, 2, 4,….,1, 3, 5….) registered by Silviu Brinzei of Lead Technologies.
IY41	0x31345949	12	Interlaced version of Y41P (line order 0, 2, 4,….,1, 3, 5….) registered by Silviu Brinzei of Lead Technologies.
IYU1	0x31555949	12	12 bit format used in mode 2 of the IEEE 1394 Digital Camera 1.04 spec. This is equivalent to Y411
IYU2	0x32555949	24	24 bit format used in mode 0 of the IEEE 1394 Digital Camera 1.04 spec
UYNV	0x564E5955	16	A direct copy of UYVY registered by NVidia to work around problems in some old codecs which did not like hardware which offered more than 2 UYVY surfaces.
UYVP	0x50565955	24?	YCbCr 4:2:2 extended precision 10-bits per component in U0Y0V0Y1 order. Registered by Rich Ehlers of Evans & Sutherland. (Awaiting confirmation of component packing structure)
UYVY	0x59565955	16	YUV 4:2:2 (Y sample at every pixel, U and V sampled at every second pixel horizontally on each line). A macropixel contains 2 pixels in 1 u_int32.
V210	0x30313256	32	10-bit 4:2:2 YCrCb equivalent to the Quicktime format of the same name.
V422	0x32323456	16	I am told that this is an upside down version of UYVY.
V655	0x35353656	16?	16 bit YUV 4:2:2 format registered by Vitec Multimedia. I have no information on the component ordering or packing.
VYUY	0x59555956	?	ATI Packed YUV Data (format unknown but you can get hold of a codec supporting it here)
Y422	0x32323459	16	Direct copy of UYVY as used by ADS Technologies Pyro WebCam firewire camera.
YUY2	0x32595559	16	YUV 4:2:2 as for UYVY but with different component ordering within the u_int32 macropixel.
YUYV	0x56595559	16	Duplicate of YUY2
YUNV	0x564E5559	16	A direct copy of YUY2 registered by NVidia to work around problems in some old codecs which did not like hardware which offered more than 2 YUY2 surfaces.
YVYU	0x55595659	16	YUV 4:2:2 as for UYVY but with different component ordering within the u_int32 macropixel.
Y41P	0x50313459	12	YUV 4:1:1 (Y sample at every pixel, U and V sampled at every fourth pixel horizontally on each line). A macropixel contains 8 pixels in 3 u_int32s.
Y411	0x31313459	12	YUV 4:1:1 with a packed, 6 byte/4 pixel macroblock structure.
Y211	0x31313259	8	Packed YUV format with Y sampled at every second pixel across each line and U and V sampled at every fourth pixel.
Y41T	0x54313459	12	Format as for Y41P but the lsb of each Y component is used to signal pixel transparency .
Y42T	0x54323459	16	Format as for UYVY but the lsb of each Y component is used to signal pixel transparency .
YUVP	0x50565559	24?	YCbCr 4:2:2 extended precision 10-bits per component in Y0U0Y1V0 order. Registered by Rich Ehlers of Evans & Sutherland.
Y800	0x30303859	8	Simple, single Y plane for monochrome images.
Y8	0x20203859	8	Duplicate of Y800 as far as I can see.

---

• planar formats

Label	FOURCC in Hex	Bits per pixel	Description
YVU9	0x39555659	9	8 bit Y plane followed by 8 bit 4x4 subsampled V and U planes. Registered by Intel.
YUV9	0x39565559	9?	Registered by Intel. I have no other information on this format. Probably a copy of YVU9.
IF09	0x39304649	9.5	As YVU9 but an additional 4x4 subsampled plane is appended containing delta information relative to the last frame. (Bpp is reported as 9)
YV16	0x36315659	16	8 bit Y plane followed by 8 bit 2x1 subsampled V and U planes.
YV12	0x32315659	12	8 bit Y plane followed by 8 bit 2x2 subsampled V and U planes.
I420	0x30323449	12	8 bit Y plane followed by 8 bit 2x2 subsampled U and V planes.
IYUV	0x56555949	12	Duplicate FOURCC, identical to I420.
NV12	0x3231564E	12	8-bit Y plane followed by an interleaved U/V plane with 2x2 subsampling
NV21	0x3132564E	12	As NV12 with U and V reversed in the interleaved plane
IMC1	0x31434D49	12	As YV12 except the U and V planes each have the same stride as the Y plane
IMC2	0x32434D49	12	Similar to IMC1 except that the U and V lines are interleaved at half stride boundaries
IMC3	0x33434D49	12	As IMC1 except that U and V are swapped
IMC4	0x34434D49	12	As IMC2 except that U and V are swapped
CLPL	0x4C504C43	12	Format similar to YV12 but including a level of indirection.
Y41B	0x42313459	12?	Weitek format listed as “YUV 4:1:1 planar”. I have no other information on this format.
Y42B	0x42323459	16?	Weitek format listed as “YUV 4:2:2 planar”. I have no other information on this format.
Y800	0x30303859	8	Simple, single Y plane for monochrome images.
Y8	0x20203859	8	Duplicate of Y800 as far as I can see.

特别关注

4:2:0中的：I420，YV12；NV12和NV21

其实planar formats里描述已经说得非常清楚。
- I420 就是我们最常接触到的yuv420格式，Y plane + (1/2宽, 1/2高)U + (1/2宽, 1/2高)V；
- YV12 是 Y + V + U；
- NV12 是 Y plane + 交织的(interleaved) UV；
- NV21 是 Y plane + 交织的VU。

x264

# x264 x264.h
/* Colorspace type */
#define X264_CSP_MASK           0x00ff  /* */
#define X264_CSP_NONE           0x0000  /* Invalid mode     */
---------------------1
#define X264_CSP_I420           0x0001  /* yuv 4:2:0 planar */
#define X264_CSP_YV12           0x0002  /* yvu 4:2:0 planar */
#define X264_CSP_NV12           0x0003  /* yuv 4:2:0, with one y plane and one packed u+v */
#define X264_CSP_NV21           0x0004  /* yuv 4:2:0, with one y plane and one packed v+u */
---------------------2
#define X264_CSP_I422           0x0005  /* yuv 4:2:2 planar */
#define X264_CSP_YV16           0x0006  /* yvu 4:2:2 planar */
#define X264_CSP_NV16           0x0007  /* yuv 4:2:2, with one y plane and one packed u+v */
#define X264_CSP_V210           0x0008  /* 10-bit yuv 4:2:2 packed in 32 */
---------------------3
#define X264_CSP_I444           0x0009  /* yuv 4:4:4 planar */
#define X264_CSP_YV24           0x000a  /* yvu 4:4:4 planar */
#define X264_CSP_BGR            0x000b  /* packed bgr 24bits   */
#define X264_CSP_BGRA           0x000c  /* packed bgr 32bits   */
#define X264_CSP_RGB            0x000d  /* packed rgb 24bits   */
---------------------4
#define X264_CSP_MAX            0x000e  /* end of list */
#define X264_CSP_VFLIP          0x1000  /* the csp is vertically flipped */
#define X264_CSP_HIGH_DEPTH     0x2000  /* the csp has a depth of 16 bits per pixel component */

编码器内部按4大类型处理：invalid，yuv420， yuv422，yuv444

参考

YUV formats

---