二、布局容器和栅格网格系统
2.1 布局容器
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>布局容器</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<!--
两边留白的布局容器：.container 类用于固定宽度并支持响应式布局的容器
-->
<div class="container" style="background-color: thistle;height: 5rem;">
两边留白的布局容器：.container 类用于固定宽度并支持响应式布局的容器
</div>
<!--
两边不留白的布局容器：.container-fluid 类用于100%宽度,占据全部视区(Viewport)的容器
-->
<div class="container-fluid" style="background-color: thistle;height: 5rem;">
两边不留白的布局容器：.container-fluid 类用于100%宽度,占据全部视区(Viewport)的容器
</div>
</body>
</html>
2.2 栅格网格系统
官网手册：https://v3.bootcss.com/css/#grid
Bootstrap提供了一套响应式、移动设备优先的流式栅格系统,随着屏幕或视口viewport)尺寸的增加,系统会自动分为最多12列。栅格系统用于通过一系列的行(row)与列(column)的组合来创建页面布局,你的内容就可以放入这些创建好的布局中。
网格系统的实现原理非常简单,仅仅是通过定义容器大小,平分12份(也有平分成24份或32份,但12份是最常见的),再调整内外边距,最后结合媒体查询,就制作出了强大的响应式网格系统, Bootstrap框架中的网格系统就是将容器平分成12份。
注意:网格系统必须使用到css
container、 row、xs(xsmall phones)、sm(small tablets)、 md(middle desktops)、 lg (larger desktops)，即:超小屏(自动)、小屏(750px)、中屏(970p)和大屏(1170px)。
数据行(.row)必须包含在容器(.container)中,以便为其赋予合适的对齐方式和内距(padding)，在行(.row)中可以添加列(.column)。
只有列(.column)才可以作为行容器(.row)的直接子元素,但列数之和不能超过平分的总列数,比如12.如果大于12则自动换到下一行。
具体内容应当放置在列容器(.column)之内。
2.3 列组合
列组合简单理解就是更改数字来合并列(原则:列总和数不能超12,大于12则自动换到下一行),有点类似于表格的colspan属性。
2.4 列偏移
如果我们不希望相邻的两个列紧靠在一起,但又不想使用 margin或者其他的技术手段来这个时候就可以使用列偏移(offset)功能来实现。使用列偏移也非常简单,只需要在列元素上添加类名col-md-offset-*其中星号代表要偏移的列组合数),那么具有这个类名的列就会向右偏移。例如,你在列元素上添加col-md-offset-8,表示该列向右移动8个列的宽度(要保证列与偏移列的总数不超过12,不然会致列断行换行显示。
2.5 列排序
列排序其实就是改变列的方向,就是改变左右浮动,并且设置浮动的距离。在 Bootstrap框架的网格系统中是通过添加类名col-md-push-和col-md-pull-(其中星号代表移动的列组合数)往前pull,往后push。
2.6 列嵌套
Bootstrap框架的网格系统还支持列的嵌套你可以在一个列中添加一个或者多个行(row)容器,然后在这个行容器中插入列。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>栅格网格系统</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<!--
两边留白的布局容器：.container 类用于固定宽度并支持响应式布局的容器
-->
<div class="container">
<!-- 行元素 -->
<div class="row">
<!-- 列元素 col-sx-num col-sm-num col-md-num col-lg-num -->
<!-- 列组合简单理解就是更改数字来合并列(原则:列总和数不能超12,大于12则自动换到下一行),有点类似于表格的colspan属性。 -->
<div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4" style="background-color: #1B6D85;height: 5rem;"></div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-lg-3" style="background-color: lightgreen;height: 5rem;"></div>
<div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5" style="background-color: #1B6D85;height: 5rem;"></div>
</div>
<hr >
<div class="row">
<!-- 列偏移(offset，不覆盖右侧的列，将原来的列往右推) 总数不能超过12 -->
<div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4" style="background-color: seagreen;height: 5rem;"></div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-lg-offset-2" style="background-color: crimson;height: 5rem;"></div>
<div class="col-md-1 col-lg-offset-2" style="background-color: fuchsia;height: 5rem;"></div>
</div>
<hr >
<div class="row">
<!-- 列排序(浮动，覆盖左右原来的列)：通过添加类名col-md-push-*和col-md-pull-* 往前pull,往后push。 -->
<div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4" style="background-color: seagreen;height: 5rem;"></div>
<!-- 往前往左pull2格，会覆盖左侧的两格 -->
<div class="col-md-3 col-lg-pull-2" style="background-color: crimson;height: 5rem;"></div>
<div class="col-md-3 col-lg-1" style="background-color: mediumorchid;height: 5rem;"></div>
<!-- 往后往右push1格，会覆盖左侧的1格 -->
<div class="col-md-1 col-lg-push-2" style="background-color: sienna;height: 5rem;"></div>
</div>
<hr >
<div class="row">
<!-- 列嵌套：每列都可以嵌套container,再被分为12份，无限循环下去 -->
<div class="col-md-8 col-lg-8" style="background-color: skyblue;height: 5rem;">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8" style="background-color: sandybrown;height: 5rem;">嵌套8
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8" style="background-color: forestgreen;height: 3rem;">再次嵌套8</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3" style="background-color: brown;height: 5rem;">嵌套3</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
2.7 栅格网格系统布局示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>栅格网格系统</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 可选的 Bootstrap 主题文件（一般不用引入） -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css" integrity="sha384-6pzBo3FDv/PJ8r2KRkGHifhEocL+1X2rVCTTkUfGk7/0pbek5mMa1upzvWbrUbOZ" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<style>
body {
padding-top: 50px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
color: #5a5a5a;
}
/* 下面是左侧导航栏的代码 */
.sidebar {
position: fixed;
top: 51px;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
z-index: 1000;
display: block;
padding: 20px;
overflow-x: hidden;
overflow-y: auto;
background-color: #ddd;
border-right: 1px solid #eee;
}
.nav-sidebar {
margin-right: -21px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
margin-left: -20px;
}
.nav-sidebar > li > a {
padding-right: 20px;
padding-left: 20px;
}
.nav-sidebar > .active > a,
.nav-sidebar > .active > a:hover,
.nav-sidebar > .active > a:focus {
color: #fff;
background-color: #428bca;
}
.main {
padding: 20px;
}
.main .page-header {
margin-top: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--下面是顶部导航栏的代码-->
<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >某管理系统</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">功能<span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li class="dropdown-header">业务功能</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >信息建立</a></li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >信息查询</a></li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >信息管理</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="dropdown-header">系统功能</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >设置</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >帮助</a></li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-right" role="search">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="用户名...">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="密码...">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登录</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!—自适应布局-->
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<!—左侧导航栏-->
<div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar">
<ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
<li class="active"><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >信息建立</a></li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >信息查询</a></li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >信息管理</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >设置</a></li>
<li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >帮助</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!—右侧管理控制台-->
<div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">
<h1 class="page-header">管理控制台</h1>
<p>
<!—一组按钮控件-->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-default">操作1</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary">操作2</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-success">操作3</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-info">操作4</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-warning">操作5</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-lg btn-danger">操作6</button>
</p>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<!—panel面板，里面放置一些控件，下同-->
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<!—panel面板的标题，下同-->
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">最新提醒</h3>
</div>
<!—panel面板的内容，下同-->
<div class="panel-body">
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
<strong>提示</strong>您的订单（2014001）已经审批通过！
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
<strong>提示</strong>您的订单（2014002）被打回！
</div>
<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
<strong>提示</strong>您的订单（2013001）客户付款延迟！
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">我的任务</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked" role="tablist">
<li role="presentation">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="alert alert-info">
<span class="badge pull-right">42</span>
订单审批
</a>
</li>
<li role="presentation">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="alert alert-info">
<span class="badge pull-right">20</span>
收款确认
</a>
</li>
<li role="presentation">
<a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" class="alert alert-info">
<span class="badge pull-right">10</span>
付款确认
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">最新订单</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>产品</th>
<th>数量</th>
<th>总金额</th>
<th>业务员</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Apple Macbook air</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>80000</td>
<td>王小贱</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Apple iPad air</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>65000</td>
<td>尹开花</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Apple Macbook pro</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>50000</td>
<td>刘老根</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><a class="btn btn-primary" href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" role="button">查看详细?</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">工程进度</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<h3><span class="label label-primary">水井挖掘工程</span></h3>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-striped" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="80"
aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 60%"><span class="sr-only">80% Complete</span>
</div>
</div>
<h3><span class="label label-danger">基建工程</span></h3>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-danger" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="30"
aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 80%"><span class="sr-only">30% Complete (danger)</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
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