分辨public、protected和private

一、先附上在stackoverflow上看见的一个解答：

class Base {
    public:
        int publicMember;
    protected:
        int protectedMember;
    private:
        int privateMember;
}

• Everything that is aware of Base is also aware that Base contains publicMember
• Only the children (and their children) are aware that Base contains protectedMember

• No one but Base is aware of privateMember

  By “is aware of”, I mean “acknowledge the existence of, and thus be able to access”.

  The same happens with public, private and protected inheritance. Let’s consider a class Base and a class Child that inherits from Base.

• If the inheritance is public, everything that is aware of Base and Child is also aware that Child inherits from Base.

• If the inheritance is protected, only Child, and its children, are aware that they inherit from Base.
• If the inheritance is private, no one other than Child is aware of the inheritance.

---

二、再讲一个故事

class 老王 {
    public:
        罗汉拳;
    protected:
        独孤九剑;
    private:
        九阴真经;
}

class 大王: public 老王 {...}

class 二王: protected 老王 {...}

class 三王: private 老王 {...}

老王有三门武艺。
凡是认识老王的，都知道老王会罗汉拳，并且只要拜师，都可以学到罗汉拳。
只有老王的孩子（和孩子的后代）可能知道老王会独孤九剑，也只有老王的孩子（和孩子的后代）可能学到独孤九剑。
只有老王自己知道九阴真经的存在，也只有他自己和他的朋友（友元）可以学。

老王还有3个孩子。
大王是嫡出，只要认识老王和大王的，都知道大王是老王的孩子。大王知道罗汉拳和独孤九剑的存在，并且可以把罗汉拳传给外人。
二王是庶出，只有二王和二王的后代们知道自己是老王的后代。二王知道罗汉拳和独孤九剑的存在，但不能将罗汉拳外传。
三王是私生子，只有三王知道自己是老王的后代，三王都不敢告诉自己的后代。三王不知道老王会武功。