ex1Optional (ungraded) exercise

额外作业比起ex1多了一个参数所以变成了多参数的线性回归问题
然后还有一个正规方程（normal equation）求解，也不难

featureNormalize.m

特征标准化 (Feature Normalization)，我个人理解就是让X保持在一个比较小的范围内
其实就是求出X的平均值u（用mean函数）和x的标准差s（用std函数）
最后得出的X_norm=(X-u)/s

function [X_norm, mu, sigma] = featureNormalize(X)
%FEATURENORMALIZE Normalizes the features in X 
%   FEATURENORMALIZE(X) returns a normalized version of X where
%   the mean value of each feature is 0 and the standard deviation
%   is 1. This is often a good preprocessing step to do when
%   working with learning algorithms.

% You need to set these values correctly
X_norm = X;
mu = zeros(1, size(X, 2));
sigma = zeros(1, size(X, 2));

% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: First, for each feature dimension, compute the mean
%               of the feature and subtract it from the dataset,
%               storing the mean value in mu. Next, compute the 
%               standard deviation of each feature and divide
%               each feature by it's standard deviation, storing
%               the standard deviation in sigma. 
%
%               Note that X is a matrix where each column is a 
%               feature and each row is an example. You need 
%               to perform the normalization separately for 
%               each feature. 
%
% Hint: You might find the 'mean' and 'std' functions useful.
%       
sigma=std(X);
aver=mean(X);
mu=X-aver;
X_norm=mu./sigma;

% ============================================================

end

computeCostMulti.m

function J = computeCostMulti(X, y, theta)
%COMPUTECOSTMULTI Compute cost for linear regression with multiple variables
%   J = COMPUTECOSTMULTI(X, y, theta) computes the cost of using theta as the
%   parameter for linear regression to fit the data points in X and y

% Initialize some useful values
m = length(y); % number of training examples

% You need to return the following variables correctly 
J = 0;

% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Compute the cost of a particular choice of theta
%               You should set J to the cost.
J=(X*theta-y)'*(X*theta-y)/(2*m);
% =========================================================================

end

gradientDescentMulti.m

function [theta, J_history] = gradientDescentMulti(X, y, theta, alpha, num_iters)
%GRADIENTDESCENTMULTI Performs gradient descent to learn theta
%   theta = GRADIENTDESCENTMULTI(x, y, theta, alpha, num_iters) updates theta by
%   taking num_iters gradient steps with learning rate alpha

% Initialize some useful values
m = length(y); % number of training examples
J_history = zeros(num_iters, 1);

for iter = 1:num_iters

    % ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
    % Instructions: Perform a single gradient step on the parameter vector
    %               theta. 
    %
    % Hint: While debugging, it can be useful to print out the values
    %       of the cost function (computeCostMulti) and gradient here.
    %
    theta=theta-(alpha/m).*(X'*(X*theta-y));

    % ============================================================

    % Save the cost J in every iteration    
    J_history(iter) = computeCostMulti(X, y, theta);

end

end

normalEqn.m

正规化方程就是直接通过矩阵运算得出θ，公式和代码就一行能表达了

function [theta] = normalEqn(X, y)
%NORMALEQN Computes the closed-form solution to linear regression 
%   NORMALEQN(X,y) computes the closed-form solution to linear 
%   regression using the normal equations.

theta = zeros(size(X, 2), 1);

% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Complete the code to compute the closed form solution
%               to linear regression and put the result in theta.
%

% ---------------------- Sample Solution ----------------------
theta=(inv(X'*X))*X'*y;
% -------------------------------------------------------------


% ============================================================

end

最后在ex1_multi.m里面，有两行是自己要写的（但是对提交没有影响）
分别对part2和part3里面写一下预测结果的公式

% Estimate the price of a 1650 sq-ft, 3 br house
% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
price = theta(1)+theta(2)*1650+theta(3)*3; % You should change this


% ============================================================