Android系统Camera2编程

1. 开始建立相机APP
2. manager.getCameraIdList()
3. CameraCharacteristics characteristics = manager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId);
4. characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.SCALER_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_MAP);
5. mPreviewSize = getOptimalSize(map.getOutputSizes(SurfaceTexture.class), width, height);
6. mCaptureSize = Collections.max(Arrays.asList(map.getOutputSizes(ImageFormat.JPEG)), new Comparator<Size>()
7. mCameraId = cameraId;
8. app通过在android服务中通过CAMERA_SERVICE拿到CameraManager对象
9. 然后通过CameraManager打开或者连接远端CameraService服务
10. 通过打开的远端相机服务请求返回一个相机设备CameraDevice对象到APP
11. 然后通过CameraDevice.StateCallback 的onOpened告知app打开相机完成。（onOpened/onDisconnected/onError）
12. 这样就本地相机app就与远端相机服务建立了直接联系
13. APP通过这个本地相机设备CameraDevice开始创建一个CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW的CaptureRequestBuilder
14. CaptureRequest = mCaptureRequestBuilder.build();
15. 再创建createCaptureSession
16. createCaptureSession通过onConfigured告知app 创建CameraCaptureSession已完成。并返回CameraCaptureSession对象
17. 由CameraCaptureSession对象开始setRepeatingRequest发起预览请求。
18. 拍照请求类似。。

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.graphics.ImageFormat;
import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraAccessException;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCaptureSession;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCharacteristics;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraDevice;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraManager;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraMetadata;
import android.hardware.camera2.CaptureRequest;
import android.hardware.camera2.CaptureResult;
import android.hardware.camera2.TotalCaptureResult;
import android.hardware.camera2.params.StreamConfigurationMap;
import android.media.Image;
import android.media.ImageReader;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.util.Size;
import android.util.SparseIntArray;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.TextureView;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private static final SparseIntArray ORIENTATION = new SparseIntArray();

    static {
        ORIENTATION.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 90);
        ORIENTATION.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 0);
        ORIENTATION.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 270);
        ORIENTATION.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 180);
    }

    private String mCameraId;
    private Size mPreviewSize;
    private Size mCaptureSize;
    private HandlerThread mCameraThread;
    private Handler mCameraHandler;
    private CameraDevice mCameraDevice;
    private TextureView mTextureView;
    private ImageReader mImageReader;
    private CaptureRequest.Builder mCaptureRequestBuilder;
    private CaptureRequest mCaptureRequest;
    private CameraCaptureSession mCameraCaptureSession;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        //全屏无状态栏
        getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mTextureView = (TextureView) findViewById(R.id.textureView);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        startCameraThread();
        if (!mTextureView.isAvailable()) {
            mTextureView.setSurfaceTextureListener(mTextureListener);
        } else {
            startPreview();
        }
    }

    private void startCameraThread() {
        mCameraThread = new HandlerThread("CameraThread");
        mCameraThread.start();
        mCameraHandler = new Handler(mCameraThread.getLooper());
    }

    private TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener mTextureListener = new TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener() {
        @Override
        public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture surface, int width, int height) {
            //当SurefaceTexture可用的时候，设置相机参数并打开相机
            setupCamera(width, height);
            openCamera();
        }

        @Override
        public void onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged(SurfaceTexture surface, int width, int height) {

        }

        @Override
        public boolean onSurfaceTextureDestroyed(SurfaceTexture surface) {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void onSurfaceTextureUpdated(SurfaceTexture surface) {

        }
    };

    private void setupCamera(int width, int height) {
        //获取摄像头的管理者CameraManager
        CameraManager manager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
        try {
            //遍历所有摄像头
            for (String cameraId : manager.getCameraIdList()) {
                CameraCharacteristics characteristics = manager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId);
                Integer facing = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING);
                //此处默认打开后置摄像头
                if (facing != null && facing == CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING_FRONT)
                    continue;
                //获取StreamConfigurationMap，它是管理摄像头支持的所有输出格式和尺寸
                StreamConfigurationMap map = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.SCALER_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_MAP);
                assert map != null;
                //根据TextureView的尺寸设置预览尺寸
                mPreviewSize = getOptimalSize(map.getOutputSizes(SurfaceTexture.class), width, height);
                //获取相机支持的最大拍照尺寸
                mCaptureSize = Collections.max(Arrays.asList(map.getOutputSizes(ImageFormat.JPEG)), new Comparator<Size>() {
                    @Override
                    public int compare(Size lhs, Size rhs) {
                        return Long.signum(lhs.getWidth() * lhs.getHeight() - rhs.getHeight() * rhs.getWidth());
                    }
                });
                //此ImageReader用于拍照所需
                setupImageReader();
                mCameraId = cameraId;
                break;
            }
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //选择sizeMap中大于并且最接近width和height的size
    private Size getOptimalSize(Size[] sizeMap, int width, int height) {
        List<Size> sizeList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Size option : sizeMap) {
            if (width > height) {
                if (option.getWidth() > width && option.getHeight() > height) {
                    sizeList.add(option);
                }
            } else {
                if (option.getWidth() > height && option.getHeight() > width) {
                    sizeList.add(option);
                }
            }
        }
        if (sizeList.size() > 0) {
            return Collections.min(sizeList, new Comparator<Size>() {
                @Override
                public int compare(Size lhs, Size rhs) {
                    return Long.signum(lhs.getWidth() * lhs.getHeight() - rhs.getWidth() * rhs.getHeight());
                }
            });
        }
        return sizeMap[0];
    }


    private void openCamera() {
        CameraManager manager = (CameraManager) getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
        try {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return;
            }
            manager.openCamera(mCameraId, mStateCallback, mCameraHandler);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private CameraDevice.StateCallback mStateCallback = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onOpened(CameraDevice camera) {
            mCameraDevice = camera;
            startPreview();
        }

        @Override
        public void onDisconnected(CameraDevice camera) {
            camera.close();
            mCameraDevice = null;
        }

        @Override
        public void onError(CameraDevice camera, int error) {
            camera.close();
            mCameraDevice = null;
        }
    };

    private void startPreview() {
        SurfaceTexture mSurfaceTexture = mTextureView.getSurfaceTexture();
        mSurfaceTexture.setDefaultBufferSize(mPreviewSize.getWidth(), mPreviewSize.getHeight());
        Surface previewSurface = new Surface(mSurfaceTexture);
        try {
            mCaptureRequestBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
            mCaptureRequestBuilder.addTarget(previewSurface);
            mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(previewSurface, mImageReader.getSurface()), new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onConfigured(CameraCaptureSession session) {
                    try {
                        mCaptureRequest = mCaptureRequestBuilder.build();
                        mCameraCaptureSession = session;
                        mCameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(mCaptureRequest, null, mCameraHandler);
                    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }

                @Override
                public void onConfigureFailed(CameraCaptureSession session) {

                }
            }, mCameraHandler);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void takePicture(View view) {
        lockFocus();
    }

    private void lockFocus() {
        try {
            mCaptureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_START);
            mCameraCaptureSession.capture(mCaptureRequestBuilder.build(), mCaptureCallback, mCameraHandler);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback mCaptureCallback = new CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onCaptureProgressed(CameraCaptureSession session, CaptureRequest request, CaptureResult partialResult) {
        }

        @Override
        public void onCaptureCompleted(CameraCaptureSession session, CaptureRequest request, TotalCaptureResult result) {
            capture();
        }
    };

    private void capture() {
        try {
            final CaptureRequest.Builder mCaptureBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE);
            int rotation = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
            mCaptureBuilder.addTarget(mImageReader.getSurface());
            mCaptureBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.JPEG_ORIENTATION, ORIENTATION.get(rotation));
            CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback CaptureCallback = new CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onCaptureCompleted(CameraCaptureSession session, CaptureRequest request, TotalCaptureResult result) {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Image Saved!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    unLockFocus();
                }
            };
            mCameraCaptureSession.stopRepeating();
            mCameraCaptureSession.capture(mCaptureBuilder.build(), CaptureCallback, null);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void unLockFocus() {
        try {
            mCaptureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_CANCEL);
            //mCameraCaptureSession.capture(mCaptureRequestBuilder.build(), null, mCameraHandler);
            mCameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(mCaptureRequest, null, mCameraHandler);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        if (mCameraCaptureSession != null) {
            mCameraCaptureSession.close();
            mCameraCaptureSession = null;
        }

        if (mCameraDevice != null) {
            mCameraDevice.close();
            mCameraDevice = null;
        }

        if (mImageReader != null) {
            mImageReader.close();
            mImageReader = null;
        }
    }

    private void setupImageReader() {
        //2代表ImageReader中最多可以获取两帧图像流
        mImageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(mCaptureSize.getWidth(), mCaptureSize.getHeight(),
                ImageFormat.JPEG, 2);
        mImageReader.setOnImageAvailableListener(new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener() {
            @Override
            public void onImageAvailable(ImageReader reader) {
                mCameraHandler.post(new imageSaver(reader.acquireNextImage()));
            }
        }, mCameraHandler);
    }

    public static class imageSaver implements Runnable {

        private Image mImage;

        public imageSaver(Image image) {
            mImage = image;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            ByteBuffer buffer = mImage.getPlanes()[0].getBuffer();
            byte[] data = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
            buffer.get(data);
            String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/DCIM/CameraV2/";
            File mImageFile = new File(path);
            if (!mImageFile.exists()) {
                mImageFile.mkdir();
            }
            String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
            String fileName = path + "IMG_" + timeStamp + ".jpg";
            FileOutputStream fos = null;
            try {
                fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
                fos.write(data, 0, data.length);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (fos != null) {
                    try {
                        fos.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}