1) 日期和字符串相互转化
oracle使用to_char、to_date:
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd') from dual; ----时间转字符串
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'hh24-mi-ss') from dual; ----时间转字符串
SQL>select to_date('2004-05-07 13:23:44','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;----字符串转时间
mysql使用date_format:
mysql> select time_format(now(),'%H-%i-%S');
SELECT * FROM tairlist_day WHERE rq>'2010-07-31' AND rq<'2010-09-01';
增加一个月:
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date ('20000101','yyyymmdd'),1),'yyyy-mm-dd') from dual;
结果:2000-02-01
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('20000101','yyyymmdd'),5),'yyyy-mm-dd') from dual;
结果:2000-06-01
select current_date from dual;
结果:2015/5/17 10:31:42
select months_between(sysdate,to_date('2001-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) from dual;
结果:172.530289351852
结果:2000-02-01
mysql> select date_add('2000-01-01',interval 5 month);
结果:2000-06-01
SQL> select substr('abcdefg',1,5) from dual;
SQL> select substr('abcdefg',1,5) from dual;
结果:abcdemysql> select substring('abcdefg',2,3);
结果:bcd
mysql> select mid('abcdefg',2,3);
结果:bcd
mysql> select substring('abcdefg',2);
结果:bcdefg
mysql> select substring('abcdefg' from 2);
结果:bcdefg
2) 在MySQL中from 后的表如果是(select.......)这种,那么后面必须有别名
mysql> select * from (select * from employees);
ERROR 1248 (42000): Every derived table must have its own alias
mysql> select * from (select * from employees) a; -----后面必须有别名
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | ??? |
| 1 | ??? |
| 1 | ??? |
| 1 | ??? |
| 1 | ??? |
+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
oracle:
select concat('a','b','c') from dual; -----报错
select concat('a','b') from dual; -------只能拼接两个字符串
select 'a'||'b'||'c' from dual; ------ok
mysql:
mysql> select concat('a','b','c') ;
+---------------------+
| concat('a','b','c') |
+---------------------+
| abc |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
SqlServer:
select 'a'+'b'+'c' ; ---ok
在SqlServer中的写法:
declare @id varchar(50);
set @id='4028e4962c3df257012c3df3b4850001';
select * from sims_sample_detect where ID= @id;
在MySQL中的写法:
mysql> set @a=1; select * from employees where id = @a; //不用declare
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | ??? |
| 1 | ??? |
| 1 | ??? |
| 1 | ??? |
| 1 | ??? |
+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在Orcale中的写法:
5)MySQL存储过程:
DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `SIMS`.`transaction_delSampleInfo`$$
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`%` PROCEDURE `transaction_delSampleInfo`(in sampleInfoId varchar(50))
BEGIN
start transaction;
update sims_sample_info set del='1' where ID = sampleInfoId;
update sims_sample_detect set del='1' where SAMPLE_ID_PARENT = sampleInfoId;
update sims_sample_detect_info set del='1' where DETECT_ID in(
select ID from sims_sample_detect where SAMPLE_ID_PARENT = sampleInfoId
);
commit;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
变量名不能跟列名相同,否则效果为1=1,且MySQL不区分大小写。
6)mysql 游标
mysql没有像orcale的动态游标,只有显示游标,例子如下:
DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `test`.`liyukun`$$
CREATE DEFINER=`ids`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `liyukun`(out z int)
BEGIN
declare count1 int;
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
declare v_haoma varchar(50);
declare v_yingyeting varchar(100);
DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR select haoma,yingyeting from eryue where id<2;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;
//这里和oracle有区别,Oracle的PL/SQL的指针有个隐性变
量%notfound,Mysql是通过一个Error handler的声明来进行判断的
OPEN cur1;
cur1: LOOP
FETCH cur1 INTO v_haoma,v_yingyeting;
IF done=1 THEN //如果没有数据了,则离开
LEAVE cur1;
ELSE
select count(*) into count1 from year2012 where haoma=v_haoma ;
if(count1=0) then
insert into year2012(haoma, yingyeting)
values(v_haoma,v_yingyeting);
else
set z = z+1;
update year2012 set eryue = ‘100' where haoma=v_haoma;
end if;
END IF;
END LOOP cur1;
CLOSE cur1;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
执行:
call liyukun(@a);
select @a;
7) mysql的group by 语句可以select 没有被分组的字段,如
select id,name,age from A group by age 这样
但是在orcale和sqlserver中是会报错的。这个取出的id,name所在的行是每个分组中的第一行数据。
case t.DETECT_RESULT when '2402' then t.SAMPLEID end (必须有end)
(COUNT(distinct(t.SAMPLEID))-
CONVERT((COUNT(distinct(case t.DETECT_RESULT when '2402' then t.SAMPLEID end))), SIGNED)) AS NEGATIVE
FROM `view_sims_for_report` t
10)convert,cast用法
mysql将varchar转为int
convert(字段名, SIGNED)
字符集转换 : CONVERT(xxx USING gb2312)
类型转换和SQL Server一样,就是类型参数有点不同 : CAST(xxx AS 类型) , CONVERT(xxx,类型)
可用的类型
二进制,同带binary前缀的效果 : BINARY
字符型,可带参数 : CHAR()
日期 : DATE
时间: TIME
日期时间型 : DATETIME
浮点数 : DECIMAL
整数 : SIGNED
无符号整数 : UNSIGNED
11)如果从mysql数据库中取的时候没有乱码,而在Java的List中得到的是乱码的话,那么可能是SQL语句中的有字段不是 varchar的 数据类型,这时需要转换convert(字段名, 类型)转换一下,Orcale则用ToChar函数
12)Orcale的大字段用clob,图像用blob,clob字段在Hibernate的映射文件中用String就可以
开始->FROM子句->WHERE子句->GROUP BY子句->HAVING子句->ORDER BY子句->SELECT子句->LIMIT子句->最终结果
每个子句执行后都会产生一个中间结果 ,供接下来的子句使用,如果不存在某个子句,就跳过。
1在oracle的数据库里有个函数 LPAD(String a,int length,String addString).
2作用:把addString添加到a的左边,length 是返回值的长度。
3例子
A : SQL> select lpad('test',8,0) from dual;
LPAD('TEST',8,0)
----------------
0000test
B: select lpad('test',8) from dual;
LPAD('TEST',8)
--------------
test 注:不写最后一个参数,函数会默认在返回值左边加一个空格。
C: SQL> select lpad('test',2,0) from dual;
LPAD('TEST',2,0)
----------------
te
D:SQL> select lpad('test',3) from dual;
LPAD('TEST',3)
--------------
tes
15)Orcale中没有TOP,是通过
select * from (select * from A order by id desc) where rownum=1
注:不能直接写 select * from A where rownum=1 order by id desc 因为语句执行的顺序是先where再order by ,如果这样写就无 法按id的排序来取第一个了。
不能写rownum=2或rownum>1这样,因为Orcale 默认必须包含第一条。
如果非要取第二条的话,可以写成:
select * from (select id,rownum as row_num from lws_q_bl_result r where r.sample_id = 'B10226072') where row_num=2
16)Orcale,MySql while循环比较
Orcale:
while num<10
loop
str := to_char(num);
num := num+1;
end loop;
也可以:
for num in 1..10 --这样的缺陷是无法间隔取值
loop
str := to_char(num);
end loop;
mysql:
while num<10
do
str := to_char(num);
num := num+1;
end while;
17)orcale 生成唯一序列是 select sys.guid() from dual ,mysql是 select uuid() from dual
18)MySql和Orcale的ID自增
MySql由于是在数据库中实现ID自增,所以如果想返回插入一条序列的该条ID,只能用如下方法:
public int insertSign(final SpaceSign sign) throws Exception {
try{
KeyHolder keyHolder = new GeneratedKeyHolder();
final String sql = "insert into space_sign(userId,userName,nickName,contentText,contentHtml,isPublic,commentCount,userIp,status,insertTime)" +
" values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
template.update(new PreparedStatementCreator() {
public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql,Statement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
ps.setInt(1, sign.getUserId());
ps.setString(2, sign.getUserName());
ps.setString(3, sign.getNickName());
ps.setString(4, sign.getContentText());
ps.setString(5, sign.getContentHtml());
ps.setInt(6, sign.getIsPublic());
ps.setInt(7,sign.getCommnetCount());
ps.setString(8, sign.getUserIp());
ps.setInt(9, sign.getStatus());
ps.setTimestamp(10, new java.sql.Timestamp(sign.getInsertTime().getTime()));
return ps;
}
}, keyHolder);
Long generatedId = keyHolder.getKey().longValue();
return generatedId.intValue();
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
throw new SQLException("发表签名失败", e);
}
}
由于Orcale的ID是在插入该条数据之前就通过select SEQ_BLOG_ID.nextval from dual 获得的,所以直接返回既可。ps:SEQ_BLOG_ID为在数据库中设置的sequence。
参考:http://www.jb51.net/article/34414.htm