javaswing整理(全)

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已于 2024-01-07 17:36:21 修改

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分类专栏： JavaSwing/JavaFX 文章标签： java

于 2024-01-07 16:56:48 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ywanju/article/details/135426565

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Java GUI编程，分为AWT和Swing两种，Swing为AWT封装之上的一种。

一、AWT

1、容器

1、Frame是一个顶级窗口；

2、Panel是一个面板，无法单独显示，需要添加到某个容器中；

3、布局管理器：

i：流式布局（默认）

ii：网格布局

iii：Border布局（东西南北中）

练习：

代码：

Frame frame = new Frame("练习窗口布局");
        frame.setSize(500, 500);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });

        Panel upPanCenter = new Panel();
        Panel downPanCenter = new Panel();

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 3));
        frame.add(new Button("bt1"));
        frame.add(upPanCenter);
        frame.add(new Button("bt2"));
        frame.add(new Button("bt3"));
        frame.add(downPanCenter);
        frame.add(new Button("bt4"));
        upPanCenter.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        upPanCenter.add(new Button("upbt1"));
        upPanCenter.add(new Button("upbt2"));
        downPanCenter.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));
        downPanCenter.add(new Button("downbt1"));
        downPanCenter.add(new Button("downbt2"));
        downPanCenter.add(new Button("downbt3"));
        downPanCenter.add(new Button("downbt4"));

2、事件监听

以按钮为例，通过addActionListener()方法添加一个监听事件,可以给每个控件添加一个actionCommand，然后通过actionCOmmand来进行区分，这样就可以将所有控件的监听事件用同一个来完成。

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("frame");
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        Button button1 = new Button("bt1");
        Button button2 = new Button("bt2");
        button1.setActionCommand("bt1");
        button2.setActionCommand("bt2");
        CustomActionListener listener = new CustomActionListener();
        button1.addActionListener(listener);
        button2.addActionListener(listener);
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);

        frame.setSize(200, 100);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        closeWin(frame);
    }

    private static void closeWin(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class CustomActionListener implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println(e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

3、文本输入框

public class TestTextField {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextFieldFrame("测试文本框");
    }
}

class TextFieldFrame extends Frame {
    public TextFieldFrame(String title) {
        super(title);
        TextField field = new TextField();
        add(field);
        field.addActionListener(new TextFieldListener());
        //替换编码，输入框输入的文本替换成的文本
        field.setEchoChar('*');
        setVisible(true);
        //自适应窗口大小
        pack();
        closeWin(this);
    }

    private static void closeWin(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class TextFieldListener implements ActionListener {
    //回车出发监听事件，执行监听的方法
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //监听谁，e.getSource()就会获得对应的实体对象
        TextField textField = (TextField) e.getSource();
        //获得文本框的输入
        System.out.println(textField.getText());
        //文本框输入清空
        textField.setText("");
    }
}

4、简易计算器实现

实现框图：

步骤：

1、计算文本框1和文本框2中的数字之和，填充到文本框3中；

2、文本框1和文本框2中的数字清空；

代码：

public class textCalculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator("简易计算器").load();
    }
}

class Calculator extends Frame {
    private TextField field1;
    private TextField field2;
    private TextField field3;
    private Label label;
    private Button button;

    public Calculator(String title) {
        super(title);
    }

    public void load() {
        field1 = new TextField();
        field1.setColumns(10);
        field2 = new TextField();
        field2.setColumns(10);
        field3 = new TextField();
        field3.setColumns(20);
        label = new Label("+");
        button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new CuActionListener());
        button.setActionCommand("calculator_start");
        add(field1);
        add(label);
        add(field2);
        add(button);
        add(field3);
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
        closeWin(this);
    }

    private static void closeWin(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    private class CuActionListener implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if ("calculator_start".equals(e.getActionCommand())) {
                int i1 = Integer.valueOf(field1.getText());
                int i2 = Integer.valueOf(field2.getText());
                field3.setText(String.valueOf(i1 + i2));
                field1.setText("");
                field2.setText("");
            }
        }
    }
}

5、监听

监听事件的Listener接口过多，实际使用中并不会用到所有的接口，所以可以用对应的Adapter抽象类，只需要实现我们所需要的接口就行。

鼠标监听

监听鼠标动作事件，实现画点

实现：

代码：

public class TextMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画点");
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame {
    private List<Point> pointList;

    public MyFrame(String title) {
        super(title);
        pointList = new ArrayList<>();
        setBounds(100, 100, 400, 300);
        //设置鼠标监听
        addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
        setVisible(true);
        closeWin(this);
    }

    private static void closeWin(Frame frame) {
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Iterator<Point> iterator = pointList.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Point point = iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);
        }
    }

    //添加点到集合中
    private void addPoint(Point point) {
        pointList.add(point);
    }

    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标按下
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            frame.addPoint(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();
        }
    }
}

窗口监听

窗口监听最常见的只有窗口关闭和激活两种，其他的不常用。

frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowActivated(e);
            }
 });

键盘监听

键盘案件监听，可以通过keycode来实现某些操作。

Frame frame = new Frame("监听键盘事件");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(200,100);
        frame.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //keycode是键盘案件的类型
                System.out.println(e.getKeyCode());
                if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER){
                    System.out.println("enter键");
                }
            }
        });

二、Swing

Swing比AWT多了Container容器的概念

1、面板、容器

JFrame.setBackground(Color.GREEN)直接设置颜色不生效，是因为在你直接调用setBackground(Color.red)这个方法后，你的确设置了JFrame的背景颜色，而你看到的却不是直接的JFrame，而是JFrame.getContentPane()。而JFrame上的contentPane默认是Color.WHITE的，所以，无论你对JFrame怎么设置背景颜色，你看到的都只是contentPane.所以需要设置contentPane的颜色。

JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("JFrame面板");
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
        jFrame.setSize(100, 100);
//        jFrame.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
        Container container = jFrame.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.yellow);
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel();
        jLabel.setText("一段文本");
        //文本文字居中
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
        jFrame.add(jLabel);

2、弹框

public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();
        jFrame.setBounds(100,100,500,300);
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = jFrame.getContentPane();
        JButton jButton = new JButton("按钮操作");
        jButton.addActionListener(new AbstractAction() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new MyDialog();
            }
        });
        container.add(jButton);
    }

    private static class MyDialog extends JDialog{
        public MyDialog(){
            this.setVisible(true);
            this.setBounds(200,100,200,100);
            Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
            contentPane.setLayout(null);
            contentPane.add(new JLabel("ainegoaioedghioan g"));
        }
    }

3、标签

JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
        jFrame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        Container container = jFrame.getContentPane();

        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel();
        jLabel.setText("这是一段文本，前面是标签图片");
        URL url = TestIconLabel.class.getResource("img.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon);

        container.add(jLabel);

4、面板

JPanel不再叙述

... ...

JScrollPane 滚动面板

JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
        jFrame.setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        Container container = jFrame.getContentPane();

        TextArea textArea = new TextArea(10, 15);
        textArea.setText("欢迎来到此处学习");

        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
//        jScrollPane.add(textArea);

        container.add(jScrollPane);

5、其他控件

图片按钮

JButton jButton = new JButton("图片按钮");
        URL url = TestIconLabel.class.getResource("img.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        jButton.setIcon(imageIcon);
        jButton.setToolTipText("这是一个图片按钮");
        container.add(jButton);

单选框

单选框是JRadioButton

如果多个单选框时只能在同一时刻选中一个，那么需要将他们添加到一个group中

JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton1");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton2");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton3");

        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(jRadioButton1);
        group.add(jRadioButton2);
        group.add(jRadioButton3);

        container.add(jRadioButton1);
        container.add(jRadioButton2);
        container.add(jRadioButton3);

多选框

//多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("checkbox1");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("checkbox2");
        container.add(checkBox1);
        container.add(checkBox2);

下拉框

addItemListener监听每个下拉列表取消和选中的变化，这个方法会被执行两次itemStateChanged，一次是上次选中的，一次是本次选中的，如下，就是将已上架切换到热映中，根据e.getStateChange()来进行区分。

JComboBox comboBox = new JComboBox();
comboBox.addItem("");
        comboBox.addItem("已上架");
        comboBox.addItem("已下架");
        comboBox.addItem("热映中");
        comboBox.addItemListener(new ItemListener() {
            @Override
            public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
                System.out.println("ItemListener... ...");
                if (e.getStateChange()==ItemEvent.SELECTED){
                    System.out.println(e.getItem().toString()+"选中");
                }
                else if (e.getStateChange()==ItemEvent.DESELECTED){
                    System.out.println(e.getItem().toString()+"取消选中");
                }
            }
        });
        comboBox.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                System.out.println("actionPerformed..."+(JComboBox)e.getSource());
            }
        });
        container.add(comboBox);

列表

//列表
        String[] list = {"张三", "李斯", "王武"};
        JList jList = new JList(list);
        container.add(jList);

文本框|文本域|密码框

        //文本框
        JTextField jTextField = new JTextField("文本框",15);
        container.add(jTextField);
        //密码框
        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField(15);
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');
        container.add(jPasswordField);
        //文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(10,15);
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        container.add(jScrollPane);

三、贪吃蛇小游戏

贪吃蛇小游戏参考网上部分案例：

案例资源文件见最后部分

效果图：

代码：

public class Data {
    public static URL headerUrl = Data.class.getResource("statics/img.png");
    public static URL bodyUrl = Data.class.getResource("statics/body.png");
    public static URL foodUrl = Data.class.getResource("statics/food.png");
    public static URL upUrl = Data.class.getResource("statics/up.png");
    public static URL downUrl = Data.class.getResource("statics/down.png");
    public static URL leftUrl = Data.class.getResource("statics/left.png");
    public static URL rightUrl = Data.class.getResource("statics/right.png");

    public static ImageIcon headerIcon = new ImageIcon(headerUrl);
    public static ImageIcon bodyIcon = new ImageIcon(bodyUrl);
    public static ImageIcon foodIcon = new ImageIcon(foodUrl);
    public static ImageIcon upIcon = new ImageIcon(upUrl);
    public static ImageIcon downIcon = new ImageIcon(downUrl);
    public static ImageIcon leftIcon = new ImageIcon(leftUrl);
    public static ImageIcon rightIcon = new ImageIcon(rightUrl);
}

public class StartGame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("贪吃蛇");
        //窗口大小一般首先要计算好
        frame.setBounds(10,10,900,720);
        //设置窗口大小不可变
        frame.setResizable(false);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.add(new GamePanel());
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}


public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
    //小蛇的数据
    int length; //蛇的长度
    int[] snakeX = new int[600];  //蛇的坐标x
    int[] snakeY = new int[500];  //蛇的坐标y
    //方向
    String fx;
    //游戏状态
    boolean start;
    //失败状态
    boolean fail;
    Timer timer;
    Random random = new Random();
    int foodX;
    int foodY;
    int score;

    public GamePanel() {
        init();
        //获得焦点
        this.setFocusable(true);
        //键盘按键监听
        this.addKeyListener(this);
        //timer 200ms执行一次
        timer = new Timer(100, this);
        timer.start();
    }

    private void init() {
        length = 3;
        snakeX[0] = 100;
        snakeY[0] = 100;
        snakeX[1] = 75;
        snakeY[1] = 100;
        snakeX[2] = 50;
        snakeY[2] = 100;
        fx = "R";

        //食物地点随机分配,850/25=34 600/25=24
        foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
        foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
        //初始化游戏分数
        score = 0;
    }

    /**
     * 绘制面板
     *
     * @param g
     */
    @Override
    public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        this.setBackground(Color.white);
        //绘画头部
        Data.headerIcon.paintIcon(this, g, 25, 11);
        //黑色矩形部分
        g.fillRect(25, 75, 850, 600);
        //画分数
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 18));
        g.drawString("长度 " + length, 750, 35);
        g.drawString("分数 " + score, 750, 50);
        //绘画蛇的静态初始位置
        if ("R".equals(fx)) {
            Data.rightIcon.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        } else if ("L".equals(fx)) {
            Data.leftIcon.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        } else if ("U".equals(fx)) {
            Data.upIcon.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        } else if ("D".equals(fx)) {
            Data.downIcon.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }
        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            Data.bodyIcon.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[i], snakeY[i]);
        }
        if (!start) {
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏", 300, 300);
        }
        if (fail) {
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("失败了，按下空格重新开始", 300, 300);
        }
        Data.foodIcon.paintIcon(this, g, foodX, foodY);
    }


    /**
     * 按键监听
     *
     * @param e
     */
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keycode = e.getKeyCode();
        if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) {
            if (fail) {
                fail = false;
                init();
            } else {
                start = !start;
            }
            repaint();
        } else if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
            this.fx = "U";
        } else if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
            this.fx = "D";
        } else if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
            this.fx = "L";
        } else if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
            this.fx = "R";
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (start && !fail) {
            if (snakeX[0] == foodX && snakeY[0] == foodY) {
                length++;
                score += 10;
                foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
                foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
            }
            //右移
            for (int i = length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
                snakeX[i] = snakeX[i - 1];
                snakeY[i] = snakeY[i - 1];
            }
            if ("R".equals(fx)) {
                snakeX[0] += 25;
                //边界判断
                if (snakeX[0] > 850) {
                    snakeX[0] = 25;
                }
            } else if ("L".equals(fx)) {
                snakeX[0] -= 25;
                //边界判断
                if (snakeX[0] < 25) {
                    snakeX[0] = 850;
                }
            } else if ("U".equals(fx)) {
                snakeY[0] -= 25;
                //边界判断
                if (snakeY[0] < 75) {
                    snakeY[0] = 650;
                }
            } else if ("D".equals(fx)) {
                snakeY[0] += 25;
                //边界判断
                if (snakeY[0] > 650) {
                    snakeY[0] = 75;
                }
            }
            for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
                if (snakeX[i] == snakeX[0] && snakeY[i] == snakeY[0]) {
                    fail = true;
                }
            }
            repaint();
        }
        timer.start();
    }

    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
    }

    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
    }
}

资源文件：