一、要求
R4为ISP,其上只能配置IP地址;R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP
R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;
所有设备均可访问R4的环回(配置NAT);
减少LSA的更新量(汇总+特殊区域),加快收敛(修改hello时间),保障更新安全(认证);
全网可达
二、拓扑图
三、实验概述
3.1对该网段172.16.0.0/16的进行子网划分。
3.2判断网络接口类型(P2P网络类型、MA网络类型)
3.3IP地址的配置和环回接口的配置。
3.4对R3、R5、R6、R7设备进行MGRE环境的配置,R3为中心站点,并在这四个路由器上而配置到ISP的缺省路由,实现对边界路由器的私网互通。
3.5对各个路由器进行配置宣告(OSPF协议),宣告汇总,让其各个路由器获取其他网段的路由拓扑信息,从而获取路由条目。
3.6将域外路由通过重发布实现OSPF内可以互通。
3.7对边界路由器配置(NAT协议)实现可以对公网的访问。
四、实验配置
IP配置
r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
r7
r8
r9
r10
r11
r12
are0区域进行MGRE环境配置
R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点。起MGRE环境前,保证are0区域全网PING通
R3,R5,R6,R7使用默认缺省路由指向R4 R4充当ISP不进行IP地址配置
r3
注意:[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic (本地成为NHRP服务端,开启伪广播,为RIP做准备)
R5配置
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.2 24
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register
R6配置
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.3 24
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register
R7配置
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.4 24
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register
使用R3进行栈道模拟测试(能ping通说明MGRE环境搭建成功)
[r3]ping 172.16.0.2
[r3]ping 172.16.0.3
[r3]ping 172.16.0.4
所有OSPF区域启动OSPF
R3配置
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0
R5配置
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
R6配置
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.3 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.1 0.0.0.0
R7配置
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255
更改tunnel接口的接口类型-P2MP(当接口类型修改为P2MP后,不用进行主客选举)
R3配置
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
R5配置
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
R6配置
[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
R7配置
[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
启动OSPF协议
area1--区域一
①RI配置
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
②R2配置
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
③R3配置
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.16.0 0.15.255.255
area2--区域二
①R6配置
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0
②R11配置
[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
③R12配置
[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.33.6 0.0.0.0
④对R12使用RIP启动172.16..0.0 网段
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]ver 2
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
area3-区域三
①R7配置
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.49.1 0.0.0.0
②R8配置
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
③R9配置
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.49.6 0.0.0.0
area4-区域四
①R9配置
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.64.0 0.15.255.255
②R10配置
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
将路由器的所有用户环回改为broadcast类型
R1:
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R2:
[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R3:
[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R5:
[r5]interface LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R6:
[r6]interface LoopBack 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R7:
[r7]interface LoopBack 0
[r7-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R8:
[r8]interface LoopBack 0
[r8-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R9:
[r9]interface LoopBack 0
[r9-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R10:
[r10]interface LoopBack 0
[r10-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R11:
[r11]interface LoopBack 0
[r11-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R12:
[r12]interface LoopBack 0
[r12-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R12和R9进行重发布
R12配置
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
R9配置
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r9-ospf-1]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
使用R5进行测试
<r5>ping -a 172.16.1.1 172.16.17.1
<r5>ping -a 172.16.1.1 172.16.18.1
<r5>ping -a 172.16.1.1 172.16.19.1
<r5>ping -a 172.16.1.1 172.16.32.1
<r5>ping 172.16.128.1
<r5>ping 172.16.192.1
对整个网路进行优化
are1在R3上进行区域汇总
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.16.0 255.255.240.0
are2在R6上进行区域汇总
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.240.0
are3在R7上进行区域汇总
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.48.0 255.255.240.0
are4在R9上进行汇总
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.240.0
R12对RIP网段进行区域汇总
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.128.0
将area1、area2、area3做成特殊区域,来实现路由条目的减少
①将are1(区域一)路由OSPF 1 改为stub
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r3]ospf 1
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
②将are2(区域二)路由OSPF 1 改为nssa
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
③将are3(区域三)路由OSPF 1 改为nssa
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
做端口映射,能够进行访问到公网。进行NAT协议的配置
R3配置
[r3]acl number 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.16.0 0.0.15.255
[r3]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R6配置
[r6]acl number 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule 15 permit source 172.16.128.0 0.0.64.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.32.0 0.0.15.255
[r6]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
R7配置
[r7]acl number 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.48.0 0.0.15.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule 15 permit source 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
对area1进行区域认证的配置,保证更新安全
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
加快收敛
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
对ABR及ASBR做过子网汇总的路由器做空接口来进行防环
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
测试
<r3>ping 4.4.4.4
[r6]ping 4.4.4.4