OC的NSPredicate Class

Predicates wrap some combination of expressions and operators and when evaluated return a BOOL.
The NSPredicate class is used to define logical conditions used to constrain a search either for a fetch or for in-memory filtering.
// 大概是说: Predicate根据组合表达式的计算结果返回一个BOOL值. 可用于约束搜索或内存过滤.

Creating a Predicate:

+ (NSPredicate *)predicateWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ...

format:

Predicate Format String Syntax:

PS: apple 称这个 format 为文本解释器(predicate string parser), 和正则表达式完全不是一个东西.

空格和关键字大小写不敏感, 支持括号嵌套的表达式, 不做类型检查;
$variable 表示变量, ?是非法关键字;
支持 printf 网络的格式说明符, 其中%k和%@很重要.

%@ 对象值占位符, 一般是一个字符串, 数字, 日期等.
%K key path占位符,(key path 是什么? 看看KVC和KVO, 访问对象属性的技术.)

用%@指定字符串变量时, 它会被解释为带双引号的字符串, 用%K指定一个可变的属性

NSString *attributeName  = @"firstName";
NSString *attributeValue = @"Adam";
NSPredicate *predicate   = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%K like %@",
        attributeName, attributeValue];

解析结果为: firstName like “Adam” .

单/双引号的变量（或替代变量的字符串）％@，％K，或$变量被解释为一个文本格式字符串，从而防止任何替换。在下面的例子中，解析结果为: firstName like “%@” （注意％@是单引号的）。

NSString *attributeName = @"firstName";
NSString *attributeValue = @"Adam";
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%K like '%@'",
        attributeName, attributeValue];

注意: 不能用一个%@代替整个 predicate format 表达式(entire predicate), 如下面的例子不能通过编译:

NSString *expression = @"firstName like Adam";
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"%@", expression];

比较运算（Basic Comparisons）

=, ==
!=,<>
>
<
>=,=>
<=,=<
BETWEEN

以下例子的表达式相当于 ( betweenPredicate >=1 && betweenPredicate<= 10 )

NSPredicate *betweenPredicate =
    [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"attributeName BETWEEN %@", @[@1, @10]];

NSDictionary *dictionary = @{ @"attributeName" : @5 };

BOOL between = [betweenPredicate evaluateWithObject:dictionary];
if (between) {
    NSLog(@"between");
}

布尔predicate

TRUEPREDICATE 解析为 true
FALSEPREDICATE 解析为 false

NSArray *numberArray = @[@1, @4, @5, @20];
NSPredicate *p;
p = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"TRUEPREDICATE"];
NSLog(@"All numbers: %@", [numberArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:p]);
p = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"FALSEPREDICATE"];
NSLog(@"No numbers: %@", [numberArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:p]);
/* printf:结果：
All numbers: (
    1,
    4,
    5,
    20
)
No numbers: (
)
*/

逻辑运算（Basic Compound Predicates）

与： AND, &&
或： OR, ||
非： NOT, !

NSPredicate *p = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"(age > 25) AND (name == %@), @"john"];

字符串计算（String Comparisons）

BEGINSWITH 开始
ENDSWITH 结尾
CONTAINS 包含
LIKE 模糊匹配，可用*和？通配符
MATCHES 正则表达式

以下2个和UTI（universal type identifier）有关，我不知道是什么用途，知道的网友告知我一下。
UTI-CONFORMS-TO
UTI-EQUALS

集合运算（Aggregate Operations）

ANY, SOME 匹配容器中至少有1个元素
ALL 匹配容器中所有元素
NONE 和ALL相反，容器中所有元素都不匹配。
注：以上3个为模糊匹配，IN为精确匹配。
IN 左边的表达式必须出现在右边的集合中，如：name IN { ‘Ben’, ‘Melissa’, ‘Nick’ }

以下4个数组运算不知道怎么使用：
array[index] 数组中特定元素
array[FIRST] 数组的第一个元素
array[LAST] 数组的最后一个元素
array[SIZE] 数组大小

+ predicateWithFormat:

//+ (NSPredicate *)predicateWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ...
NSArray *words = @[
                   @[@"aab", @"ccd"],
                   @[@"abc", @"def", @"g"],
                   @[@"test", @"t2"]
                   ];
NSArray *words2 = @[@"aa", @"bb", @"cddd"];

###+ predicateWithFormat:###

//========筛选元素中包含特定字符串的数组?===========//

//模糊匹配
NSPredicate *predicate;
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ANY SELF CONTAINS %@", @"aa"];
NSLog(@"array1 = %@",[words filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate]);

//精确匹配
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ANY SELF IN %@", @"aab"];
NSLog(@"array2 = %@",[words filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate]);

//多个匹配
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ALL SELF IN %@", @[@"test", @"t2"]];
NSLog(@"array3 = %@",[words filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate]);

//不包含某字符的匹配
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"NONE SELF CONTAINS %@", @"aa"];
NSLog(@"array4 = %@",[words filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate]);

//断言(嵌套数组是精确匹配)
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ANY %@ CONTAINS[cd] %@", words,@"a" ];
BOOL exsitW = [predicate evaluateWithObject:words];
NSLog(@"exsitW1 = %@",exsitW ? @"yes": @"no");

//断言(单个数组是模糊匹配)
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ANY %@ CONTAINS %@", words[0],@"a" ];
exsitW = [predicate evaluateWithObject:words];
NSLog(@"exsitW2 = %@",exsitW ? @"yes": @"no");

结果:

2015-08-29 17:10:07.226 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] array1 = (
        (
        aab,
        ccd
    )
)
2015-08-29 17:10:07.226 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] array2 = (
        (
        aab,
        ccd
    )
)
2015-08-29 17:10:07.226 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] array3 = (
        (
        test,
        t2
    )
)
2015-08-29 17:10:07.226 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] array4 = (
        (
        abc,
        def,
        g
    ),
        (
        test,
        t2
    ),
        (
        h,
        i
    )
)
2015-08-29 17:10:07.227 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] exsitW1 = no
2015-08-29 17:10:07.227 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] exsitW2 = yes

+ predicateWithFormat:argumentArray:

// + (NSPredicate *)predicateWithFormat:(NSString *)predicateFormat
//                       argumentArray:(NSArray *)arguments

NSArray *argArr = @[ @[@"h",@"i"] ];
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ALL SELF IN %@" argumentArray:argArr];
NSLog(@"array5 = %@",[words filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate]);

/* printf:
2015-08-29 17:10:07.247 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] array5 = (
        (
        h,
        i
    )
)
*/

+predicateWithFormat:arguments:

//+ (NSPredicate *)predicateWithFormat:(NSString *)format
//                           arguments:(va_list)argList

-(void)arg_list_test:(NSArray*)words andArgList:(NSString*)args, ...{
    va_list argList;
    va_start(argList, args);
    NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ANY SELF CONTAINS %@" arguments:argList];
    va_end(argList);
    NSLog(@"array6 = %@",[words filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate]);
}
[self arg_list_test:words andArgList:@"a", @"c"];

/* printf:
2015-08-29 17:10:07.247 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] array6 = (
        (
        aab,
        ccd
    ),
        (
        abc,
        def,
        g
    )
)
*/

- predicateWithSubstitutionVariables:

// - (instancetype)predicateWithSubstitutionVariables:(NSDictionary *)variables

predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ANY SELF IN $strVar"];
NSPredicate *subPre = [predicate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables:@{@"strVar":@"aab"}];
NSLog(@"array7 = %@",[words filteredArrayUsingPredicate:subPre]);

/* printf:
2015-08-29 17:10:07.247 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] array7 = (
        (
        aab,
        ccd
    )
)
*/

+ predicateWithValue:

// + (NSPredicate *)predicateWithValue:(BOOL)value

predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithValue:YES];
NSLog(@"array8 = %@",[words filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate]);

/* printf:
2015-08-29 17:10:07.247 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] array8 = (
        (
        aab,
        ccd
    ),
        (
        abc,
        def,
        g
    ),
        (
        test,
        t2
    ),
        (
        h,
        i
    )
)
*/

+ predicateWithBlock:

//+ (NSPredicate *)predicateWithBlock:(BOOL (^)(id evaluatedObject,
//                             NSDictionary *bindings))block

predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithBlock:^BOOL(id evaluatedObject, NSDictionary *bindings) {
    NSLog(@"evaluatedObject = %@, bindings = %@",evaluatedObject, bindings);
    if (bindings) {
        return [[evaluatedObject objectAtIndex:0] isEqualToString:[bindings valueForKey:@"value"]];
    }else{
        return [evaluatedObject isEqualToString:@"aa"];
    }

}];
NSLog(@"exsitW3 = %d", [predicate evaluateWithObject:words2 substitutionVariables:@{@"value":@"aa"}]);
NSLog(@"array9 = %@", [words2 filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate]);

结果:

2015-08-29 17:10:07.247 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] evaluatedObject = (
    aa,
    bb,
    cddd
), bindings = {
    value = aa;
}
2015-08-29 17:10:07.247 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] exsitW3 = 1
2015-08-29 17:10:07.248 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] evaluatedObject = aa, bindings = (null)
2015-08-29 17:10:07.248 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] evaluatedObject = bb, bindings = (null)
2015-08-29 17:10:07.249 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] evaluatedObject = cddd, bindings = (null)
2015-08-29 17:10:07.249 GVRegularExpressionDemo[9485:426418] array9 = (
    aa
)

Evaluating a Predicate

- evaluateWithObject:

//- (BOOL)evaluateWithObject:(id)object
//… 上面用得太多, 不写了.

- evaluateWithObject:substitutionVariables:

// - (BOOL)evaluateWithObject:(id)object
//     substitutionVariables:(NSDictionary *)variables

predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"ANY SELF IN $strVar"];
BOOL exsitW4 = [predicate evaluateWithObject:words2 substitutionVariables:@{@"strVar":@"aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"}];
NSLog(@"exsitW4 = %@", exsitW4 ? @"yes" : @"no");

/* printf:
exsitW4 = yes
*/

- allowEvaluation

// - (void)allowEvaluation //不明白有什么用途 ?????, 知道的盆友告诉我一下.
[predicate allowEvaluation];  //不明白有什么用途

Getting a String Representation

predicateFormat Property

// @property(readonly, copy) NSString *predicateFormat

NSLog(@"predicate.predicateFormat = %@",predicate.predicateFormat);

/* printf:
predicate.predicateFormat = ANY SELF IN $strVar
*/