飞淩6410+linux2.6.28+USB摄像头 半成品案例（上）

最近买了一块飞淩的6410 arm11开发板，看到用户手册里有一个摄像头的例子，拿来一试，给版子接上了很久以前买来的十几块的破摄像头，结果发现没戏，上网一查，那个例子是专门写给飞淩卖的CMOS摄像头的........

去论坛上看了看，发现还是有人成功的，原来在裁剪linux内核的时候要把对USB摄像头的支持选上才行：

Device Drivers -->
     <*>Multimedia support --->
          <*>Video For Linux
          <*>Video capture adapters --->
                <*>V4L USB devices --->
                       <*>USB Video Class
                              <*>UVC input events device support
                       <*>GSPCA based webcams -->
                                <*>ZC3XX USB Camera Driver
  Device Drivers -->
    <*>USB Support --->
         <*>Support for Host_side USB
         <*>USB announce new devices

然后就OK了，编译，重新烧写，OH，对了，上面这些选项一定要选*，不要选M哦，然后UCV设备不能用V4L只能用V4L2，我在这上面可是走了弯路的......ZC3XX是摄像头的驱动型号。

等linux整好之后，插上摄像头，发现/dev目录下多了video2，恩，不错，识别了（不过我试用网上流行的cat命令一直是无法读取）

下面就开始编程了......我决定要先在电脑上试好程序再往板子上移植，电脑上还自带一个看起来比较高级的摄像头哈，可是实验两个摄像头，排除一些硬件上的问题.....

去网上搜了几个V4L2的程序.....都不能用.....泪奔......于是只好自己动手改改了.....

 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include <getopt.h>           

#include <fcntl.h>             
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <asm/types.h>         
#include <linux/videodev2.h>

#define WIDTH 640
#define HEIGHT 480

/*定义位图文件头*/
struct BIT_MAP_FILE_HEADER {
	short bfType;
	long bfSize;
	short bfReserved1;
	short bfReserved2;
	long bfOffBits;
}__attribute__((packed));

/*定义信息头*/
struct BIT_MAP_INFO_HEADER {
	long biSize;
	long biWidth;
	long biHeight;
	short biPlanes;
	short biBitCount;
	long biCompression;
	long biSizeImage;
	long biXPelsPerMeter;
	long biYPelsPerMeter;
	long biClrUsed;
	long biClrImportant;
}__attribute__((packed));

typedef struct BIT_MAP_FILE_HEADER BIT_MAP_FILE_HEADER;
typedef struct BIT_MAP_INFO_HEADER BIT_MAP_INFO_HEADER;

BIT_MAP_FILE_HEADER bmp_map_file;
BIT_MAP_INFO_HEADER bmp_map_info;

#define CLEAR(x) memset (&(x), 0, sizeof (x))

struct buffer {
	void *                  start;
	size_t                  length;
};

static char *           dev_name        = "/dev/video2";//摄像头设备名
static int              fd              = -1;
struct buffer *         buffers         = NULL;
static unsigned int     n_buffers       = 0;

FILE *file_fd;
static unsigned long file_length;
static unsigned char *file_name;

long U[256], V[256], Y1[256], Y2[256];

void MakeConversionTable()
{
	long i;
	for (i=0; i<256; i++)
	{
		V[i] = 15938*i-2221300;
		U[i] = 20238*i-2771300;
		Y1[i] = 11644*i;
		Y2[i] = 19837*i-311710;
	}
}

int max(int a,int b)
{
	if(a > b)
		return a;
	else
		return b;
}

int min(int a,int b)
{
	if(a<b)
		return a;
	else
		return b;
}

void yuv2bmp(unsigned char *pRGBBuf, const unsigned char *pYUVBuf, int m_nWidth, int m_nHeight)
{
	unsigned char *pY, *pU, *pV, *pUbase, *pVbase;
	long i, j;
	unsigned char *pR, *pG, *pB;
	long RGB_SIZE = m_nWidth * m_nHeight * 3;

	MakeConversionTable();
	// check if width and height is both in unit of 16 pixels
	if ((m_nWidth % 16) || (m_nHeight % 16))
		return;

	pY = pYUVBuf;
	pU = pUbase = pYUVBuf + m_nWidth * m_nHeight;
	pV = pVbase = pUbase + m_nWidth*m_nHeight/2;

	for (i=0; i< m_nHeight; i++)
	{
		pB = pRGBBuf+RGB_SIZE-3*m_nWidth*(i+1);
		pG = pRGBBuf+RGB_SIZE-3*m_nWidth*(i+1)+1;
		pR = pRGBBuf+RGB_SIZE-3*m_nWidth*(i+1)+2;

		for (j=0; j < m_nWidth; j+=2)
		{
			*pR = max (0, min (255, (V[*pV] + Y1[*pY])/10000) );   //R value
			*pB = max (0, min (255, (U[*pU] + Y1[*pY])/10000) );   //B value
			*pG = max (0, min (255, (Y2[*pY] - 5094*(*pR) - 1942*(*pB))/10000) ); //G value

			pR += 3;
			pB += 3;
			pG += 3;
			pY++;
			*pR = max (0, min (255, (V[*pV] + Y1[*pY])/10000) );  //R value
			*pB = max (0, min (255, (U[*pU] + Y1[*pY])/10000) );  //B value
			*pG = max (0, min (255, (Y2[*pY] - 5094*(*pR) - 1942*(*pB))/10000) ); //G value
			pR += 3;
			pB += 3;
			pG += 3;
			pY++;
			pU++;
			pV++;
		}  
	}

	return;
}

static void fillbmpheader(void)
{
	int width = WIDTH;
	int height = HEIGHT;
	bmp_map_file.bfType =/* 'MB'*/0x4d42;
	bmp_map_file.bfSize = /*sizeof(BIT_MAP_FILE_HEADER) +sizeof(BIT_MAP_INFO_HEADER)+*/14 + 40+ width*height*3;
	bmp_map_file.bfReserved1 = 0;
	bmp_map_file.bfReserved2 = 0;
	bmp_map_file.bfOffBits = /*sizeof(BIT_MAP_FILE_HEADER) + sizeof(BIT_MAP_INFO_HEADER);*/0x36;

	bmp_map_info.biSize = sizeof(BIT_MAP_INFO_HEADER);
	bmp_map_info.biPlanes = 1;
	bmp_map_info.biHeight = height;
	bmp_map_info.biWidth = width;
	bmp_map_info.biBitCount = 24;
	bmp_map_info.biClrImportant = 0;
	bmp_map_info.biClrUsed = 0;
	bmp_map_info.biSizeImage = width*height*3;
	bmp_map_info.biCompression = 0;
	bmp_map_info.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
	bmp_map_info.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
}
//
//获取一帧数据
//
static int read_frame (void)
{
	struct v4l2_buffer buf;
	unsigned int i;

	CLEAR (buf);
	buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
	buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;

	ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf); //出列采集的帧缓冲

	assert (buf.index < n_buffers);
	printf ("buf.index dq is %d,/n",buf.index);

	fillbmpheader();

	unsigned char *bmpchar = malloc(WIDTH*HEIGHT*3);
	yuv2bmp(bmpchar,buffers[buf.index].start,WIDTH,HEIGHT);

	//printf("length: %d\n",buffers[buf.index].length);

	//fwrite(buffers[buf.index].start, buffers[buf.index].length, 1, file_fd); //将其写入文件中
	fwrite(&bmp_map_file, sizeof(BIT_MAP_FILE_HEADER), 1, file_fd);
	fwrite(&bmp_map_info, sizeof(BIT_MAP_INFO_HEADER), 1, file_fd);
	fwrite(bmpchar,WIDTH*HEIGHT*3,1,file_fd);

	ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf); //再将其入列

	return 1;
}

int main (int argc,char ** argv)
{
	struct v4l2_capability cap; 
	struct v4l2_format fmt;
	unsigned int i;
	enum v4l2_buf_type type;

	file_fd = fopen("test-mmapxy.bmp", "w");//图片文件名

	fd = open (dev_name, O_RDWR /* required */ | O_NONBLOCK, 0);//打开设备

	ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap);//获取摄像头参数

	struct v4l2_fmtdesc fmt1;
	int ret;
	memset(&fmt1,0,sizeof(fmt1));
	fmt1.index = 0;
	fmt1.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
	while((ret = ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT,&fmt1)) == 0)
	{
		fmt1.index++;
		printf("{pixelformat = %c%c%c%c, description = %s}\n",fmt1.pixelformat & 0xFF,(fmt1.pixelformat >> 8)& 0xFF,(fmt1.pixelformat >> 16)&0xFF,(fmt1.pixelformat >> 24)&0xFF,fmt1.description);
	}

	CLEAR (fmt);
	fmt.type                = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
	fmt.fmt.pix.width       = WIDTH; 
	fmt.fmt.pix.height      = HEIGHT;
	fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV;
	fmt.fmt.pix.field       = V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED;
	ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt); //设置图像格式

	file_length = fmt.fmt.pix.bytesperline * fmt.fmt.pix.height; //计算图片大小

	struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
	CLEAR (req);
	req.count               = 4;
	req.type                = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
	req.memory              = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;

	ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req); //申请缓冲，count是申请的数量

	if (req.count < 2)
		printf("Insufficient buffer memory/n");

	buffers = calloc (req.count, sizeof (*buffers));//内存中建立对应空间

	for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < req.count; ++n_buffers) 
	{
		struct v4l2_buffer buf;   //驱动中的一帧
		CLEAR (buf);
		buf.type        = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
		buf.memory      = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
		buf.index       = n_buffers;

		if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf)) //映射用户空间
			printf ("VIDIOC_QUERYBUF error/n");

		buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length;
		buffers[n_buffers].start =
			mmap (NULL /* start anywhere */,    //通过mmap建立映射关系
					buf.length,
					PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE /* required */,
					MAP_SHARED /* recommended */,
					fd, buf.m.offset);

		if (MAP_FAILED == buffers[n_buffers].start)
			printf ("mmap failed/n");
	}

	for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i) 
	{
		struct v4l2_buffer buf;
		CLEAR (buf);

		buf.type        = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
		buf.memory      = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
		buf.index       = i;

		if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf))//申请到的缓冲进入列队
			printf ("VIDIOC_QBUF failed/n");
	}

	type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;

	if (-1 == ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type)) //开始捕捉图像数据
		printf ("VIDIOC_STREAMON failed/n");

	for (;;) //这一段涉及到异步IO
	{
		fd_set fds;
		struct timeval tv;
		int r;

		FD_ZERO (&fds);//将指定的文件描述符集清空
		FD_SET (fd, &fds);//在文件描述符集合中增加一个新的文件描述符

		/* Timeout. */
		tv.tv_sec = 2;
		tv.tv_usec = 0;

		r = select (fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);//判断是否可读（即摄像头是否准备好），tv是定时

		if (-1 == r) {
			if (EINTR == errno)
				continue;
			printf ("select err/n");
		}
		if (0 == r) {
			// fprintf (stderr, "select timeout/n");
			// exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
		}

		if (read_frame ())//如果可读，执行read_frame ()函数，并跳出循环
			break;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < n_buffers; ++i)
		if (-1 == munmap (buffers[i].start, buffers[i].length))
			printf ("munmap error");
	close (fd);
	fclose (file_fd);
	exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
	return 0;
}

 

以上是代码......代码太粗糙了，大家不要笑话哈，下次发个整理版上来，大家注意几个地方：

 

fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV;

这一句是要选摄像头输出的格式，我的摄像头买太久了，我实在不知道它输出什么格式，于是使用下面的代码来输出可以使用的格式：

struct v4l2_fmtdesc fmt1;
	int ret;
	memset(&fmt1,0,sizeof(fmt1));
	fmt1.index = 0;
	fmt1.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
	while((ret = ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT,&fmt1)) == 0)
	{
		fmt1.index++;
		printf("{pixelformat = %c%c%c%c, description = %s}\n",fmt1.pixelformat & 0xFF,(fmt1.pixelformat >> 8)& 0xFF,(fmt1.pixelformat >> 16)&0xFF,(fmt1.pixelformat >> 24)&0xFF,fmt1.description);
	}

 

输出后发现我的电脑自带的摄像头支持YUYV和MJPEG格式的, 而我买来的摄像头只支持YUYV格式的，
MJPEG格式的就爽了，因为可以直接输出到jpg格式的文件里，而YUYV格式的只要把它转为bmp再输出，除了要实现YUYV转RGB的算法之外，还得添加bmp文件头之类的.....麻烦啊......

 

最后的结果......电脑上实验：电脑自带的摄像头，使用JPG格式输出，图像清晰，使用YUYV转BMP格式输出....图像不太清晰哦......有色块，这也是为什么我说这是个半成品案例的原因.......

移植到板子上实验：使用我买来的破摄像头：YUYV转bmp格式的，图像不太清晰.....有色块.....还需要继续改进....哎......