以下代码在 gcc 和 vc6.0 下编译通过,我添加了一些注释以帮助理解。
// md5.h
#ifndef _RPCENG_MD5_H
#define _RPCENG_MD5_H
// #include <string.h>
typedef struct
{
unsigned int state[4];
unsigned int count[2];
unsigned char buffer[64];
} MD5Context;
void MD5_Init(MD5Context * context);
void MD5_Update(MD5Context * context, unsigned char * buf, unsigned int len);
void MD5_Final(MD5Context * context, unsigned char digest[16]);
#endif /* end of _RPCENG_MD5_H */
// md5.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "md5.h"
#define S11 7
#define S12 12
#define S13 17
#define S14 22
#define S21 5
#define S22 9
#define S23 14
#define S24 20
#define S31 4
#define S32 11
#define S33 16
#define S34 23
#define S41 6
#define S42 10
#define S43 15
#define S44 21
// 明文末尾填充的数据
static unsigned char PADDING[64] =
{
0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
};
// 四个非线性函数,每轮用一个
#define F(x, y, z) (((x) & (y)) | ((~x) & (z)))
#define G(x, y, z) (((x) & (z)) | ((y) & (~z)))
#define H(x, y, z) ((x) ^ (y) ^ (z))
#define I(x, y, z) ((y) ^ ((x) | (~z)))
#define ROTATE_LEFT(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (32-(n))))
// 每轮迭代中的四种操作
#define FF(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) \
{ \
(a) += F((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac); \
(a) = ROTATE_LEFT((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
#define GG(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) \
{ \
(a) += G((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac); \
(a) = ROTATE_LEFT((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
#define HH(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) \
{ \
(a) += H((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac); \
(a) = ROTATE_LEFT((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
#define II(a, b, c, d, x, s, ac) \
{ \
(a) += I((b), (c), (d)) + (x) + (unsigned int)(ac); \
(a) = ROTATE_LEFT((a), (s)); \
(a) += (b); \
}
// 将32位的unsigned int编码成8位的unsigned char
static void MD5_Encode(unsigned char * output, unsigned int * input, unsigned int len)
{
unsigned int i, j;
for (i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i++, j += 4)
{
output[j] = (unsigned char) (input[i] & 0xff);
output[j + 1] = (unsigned char) ((input[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
output[j + 2] = (unsigned char) ((input[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
output[j + 3] = (unsigned char) ((input[i] >> 24) & 0xff);
}
}
// 将8位的unsigned char解码成32位的unsigned int
static void MD5_Decode(unsigned int * output, unsigned char * input, unsigned int len)
{
unsigned int i, j;
for (i = 0, j = 0; j < len; i++, j += 4)
{
output[i] = ((unsigned int) input[j]) |
(((unsigned int) input[j + 1]) << 8) |
(((unsigned int) input[j + 2]) << 16) |
(((unsigned int) input[j + 3]) << 24);
}
}
// MD5主循环:四轮运算
// unsigned int为32位,输出128位认证码unsigned int state[4],4个32位变量;
// unsigned char为8位,输入512位分组unsigned char block[64],分为16个子分组。
static void MD5_Transform(unsigned int state[4], unsigned char block[64])
{
unsigned int a = state[0], b = state[1], c = state[2], d = state[3], x[16];
MD5_Decode(x, block, 64);
/* Round 1 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[0], S11, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[1], S12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[2], S13, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[3], S14, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[4], S11, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[5], S12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[6], S13, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[7], S14, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[8], S11, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[9], S12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[10], S13, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[11], S14, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
FF(a, b, c, d, x[12], S11, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
FF(d, a, b, c, x[13], S12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */
FF(c, d, a, b, x[14], S13, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */
FF(b, c, d, a, x[15], S14, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */
/* Round 2 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[1], S21, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[6], S22, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[11], S23, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[0], S24, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[5], S21, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[10], S22, 0x2441453); /* 22 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[15], S23, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[4], S24, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[9], S21, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[14], S22, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[3], S23, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[8], S24, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */
GG(a, b, c, d, x[13], S21, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */
GG(d, a, b, c, x[2], S22, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */
GG(c, d, a, b, x[7], S23, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */
GG(b, c, d, a, x[12], S24, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */
/* Round 3 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[5], S31, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[8], S32, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[11], S33, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[14], S34, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[1], S31, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[4], S32, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[7], S33, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[10], S34, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[13], S31, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[0], S32, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[3], S33, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[6], S34, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */
HH(a, b, c, d, x[9], S31, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */
HH(d, a, b, c, x[12], S32, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */
HH(c, d, a, b, x[15], S33, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */
HH(b, c, d, a, x[2], S34, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */
/* Round 4 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[0], S41, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[7], S42, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[14], S43, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[5], S44, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[12], S41, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[3], S42, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[10], S43, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[1], S44, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[8], S41, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[15], S42, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[6], S43, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[13], S44, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */
II(a, b, c, d, x[4], S41, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */
II(d, a, b, c, x[11], S42, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */
II(c, d, a, b, x[2], S43, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */
II(b, c, d, a, x[9], S44, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */
state[0] += a;
state[1] += b;
state[2] += c;
state[3] += d;
//memset((char *) x, 0, sizeof(x));
}
// MD5运算变量初始化
void MD5_Init(MD5Context * context)
{
context->count[0] = context->count[1] = 0;
// 链接变量chaining variable
context->state[0] = 0x67452301;
context->state[1] = 0xefcdab89;
context->state[2] = 0x98badcfe;
context->state[3] = 0x10325476;
}
// 认证算法运行过程
void MD5_Update(MD5Context * context, unsigned char * buf, unsigned int len)
{
unsigned int i, index, partLen;
index = (unsigned int) ((context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F);
// 字节数组下表索引
// 明文长度(以字节为单位)计入MD5结构体count里
if ((context->count[0] += ((unsigned int) len << 3)) < ((unsigned int) len << 3))
context->count[1]++;
context->count[1] += ((unsigned int) len >> 29);
// ?? 调试过程中context->count[1]一直为0
partLen = 64 - index;
// 添加的数据长度离64字节(即512位分组)相差距离
if (len >= partLen)
// 若添满64字节:认证
{
memcpy((char *) &context->buffer[index], (char *) buf, partLen);
//将明文分组追加到MD5结构体buffer里
// 下一分组继续运行与上一分组同样的算法
MD5_Transform(context->state, context->buffer);
for (i = partLen; i + 63 < len; i += 64)
// 512位分组即64字节
MD5_Transform(context->state, &buf[i]);
index = 0;
}
else
// 否则,不认证,等后面继续追加数据
{
i = 0;
}
// 留下不完整分组在MD5结构体buffer里
memcpy((char *) &context->buffer[index], (char *) &buf[i], len - i);
}
// 末尾的不完整分组认证过程
void MD5_Final(MD5Context * context, unsigned char digest[16])
{
unsigned char bits[8];
unsigned int index, padLen;
MD5_Encode(bits, context->count, 8);
// 明文长度编码为以字节为单位
index = (unsigned int) ((context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3f);
padLen = (index < 56) ? (56 - index) : (120 - index);
MD5_Update(context, PADDING, padLen);
// 在明文末尾填充PADDING数据
MD5_Update(context, bits, 8); // 在明文末尾填充明文长度,并认证
MD5_Encode(digest, context->state, 16);
// 将认证码MAC编码成128位unsigned int型数据输出
//memset((char *) context, 0, sizeof(*context));
}
int main(){
unsigned int i,j,len;
// MD5变量结构体
MD5Context context;
unsigned char buff[16];
// 明文
char str[7][100] =
// !!
{
"",
"a",
"abc",
"message digest",
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789",
"12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"
};
for(i=0;i<6;i++)
{
len = strlen(str[i]);
// MD5运算变量初始化
MD5_Init(&context);
// 明文认证
MD5_Update(&context,(unsigned char *)str[i], len);
// 末尾的不完整分组认证
MD5_Final(&context,buff);
// 打印结果
printf("MD5(\"%s\") = ",str[i]);
for(j=0;j<16;j++)
{
printf("%x",(buff[j] & 0xF0)>>4);
printf("%x",buff[j] & 0x0F);
}
printf("\n *********************************************************** \n");
}
printf("Waiting... ");
getchar();
return 0;
}
运行结果如下:
MD5("") = d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
***********************************************************
MD5("a") = 0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661
***********************************************************
MD5("abc") = 900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72
***********************************************************
MD5("message digest") = f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0
***********************************************************
MD5("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") = c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b
***********************************************************
MD5("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789") = d174ab9
8d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f
***********************************************************
Waiting...
参考资料:
http://my.oschina.net/u/158916/blog/29329 (C++版本的实现)
http://book.douban.com/subject/1088180/(《应用密码学》的豆瓣链接)
RFC1321 The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm 附录A有C语言的参考实现。
附python环境下使用pycrypto库的代码:
- from Crypto.Hash import MD5
- strlist = ["",
- "a",
- "abc",
- "message digest",
- "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
- "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789",
- "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"]
- for s in strlist:
- m = MD5.new()
- m.update(s)
- print (s, m.hexdigest())
执行结果:
('', 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e')
('a', '0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661')
('abc', '900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72')
('message digest', 'f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0')
('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', 'c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b')
('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789', 'd174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f')
('12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890', '57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a')