Fragment（3）和其他Fragment之间交互--伟大的接口回调

这个是我一直想要找的，没想到伟大的官网竟然有。感动到流鼻涕了。。

为了重用Fragment UI组件，我们应该创建一个完全独立的自控的，定义自己布局和行为的模型组件。一旦我们定义了这些可重用的Fragments，我们就可以把它们和Activity关联起来并且用应用逻辑连接它们来实现一个整体的混合的UI。

所有的Fragment和Fragment的交互，都是通过它们共同关联的Activity。就是说两个Fragment永远都不可能直接交互的。

定义一个接口

为了允许一个Fragment和它上级的Activity交互，我们可以在Fragment类中来定义一个Interface并且那个Activity要实现这个接口。Fragment在自己的onAttach()生命周期方法中获得这个interface的实现类对象，并且为了和Activity交互可以接着调用接口的方法。

下面是官网的例子：

public class HeadlinesFragment extends ListFragment {
    OnHeadlineSelectedListener mCallback;

    // Container Activity must implement this interface
    public interface OnHeadlineSelectedListener {
        public void onArticleSelected(int position);
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        
        // This makes sure that the container activity has implemented
        // the callback interface. If not, it throws an exception
        try {
            mCallback = (OnHeadlineSelectedListener) activity;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()
                    + " must implement OnHeadlineSelectedListener");
        }
    }
    
    ...
}

本Fragment在适当的地方调用接口的方法，在Activity中实现接口和对应的方法，那个方法就会被执行

  @Override
    public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        // Send the event to the host activity
        mCallback.onArticleSelected(position);
    }

实现接口

为了接收Fragment事件回调，宿主的Activity必须实现那个接口。

例子：

public static class MainActivity extends Activity
        implements HeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener{
    ...
    
    public void onArticleSelected(int position) {
        // The user selected the headline of an article from the HeadlinesFragment
        // Do something here to display that article
    }
}

传递消息给Fragment

宿主的Activity可以传递消息给Fragment通过使用findFragmentById()捕获Fragment实例，接着调用Fragment的public方法。

public static class MainActivity extends Activity
        implements HeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener{
    ...

    public void onArticleSelected(int position) {
        // The user selected the headline of an article from the HeadlinesFragment
        // Do something here to display that article

        ArticleFragment articleFrag = (ArticleFragment)
                getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment);

        if (articleFrag != null) {
            // If article frag is available, we're in two-pane layout...

            // Call a method in the ArticleFragment to update its content调用public方法更新布局界面
            articleFrag.updateArticleView(position);
        } else {
            // Otherwise, we're in the one-pane layout and must swap frags...

            // Create fragment and give it an argument for the selected article
            ArticleFragment newFragment = new ArticleFragment();
            Bundle args = new Bundle();
            args.putInt(ArticleFragment.ARG_POSITION, position);
            newFragment.setArguments(args);
        
            FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();

            // Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
            // and add the transaction to the back stack so the user can navigate back
            transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
            transaction.addToBackStack(null);

            // Commit the transaction
            transaction.commit();
        }
    }
}