Python实现简单爬虫

Python实现简单爬虫

本博客为本人学习Python过程中的总结，如有类同，纯属巧合。

• 简介

  爬虫是一段自动抓取互联网信息的程序。它的价值是互联网数据为我所有。利用爬取到的数据，可以做很多的事情如：可以进行数据统计，对比；可以利用爬取的数据做某一方面的app；也可以利用爬取的数据做一个新闻阅读器等等。

• 爬虫架构

  1）URL管理器
  2）网页下载器
  3）网页分析器
  4）爬虫调用器
  5）价值数据使用

  

• 爬虫调用流程

  爬虫软件的执行的时序流程如下图：

  

• 爬虫实现

  实现规划图

  

  爬虫实现

  1）调度器实现

  # coding:utf-8
  import url_manager
  import html_downloader
  import html_parser
  import html_outputer
  import url_manager
  class SpiderMain(object):
      def __init__(self):
          self.urls = url_manager.UrlManager()
          self.downloader = html_downloader.HtmlDownloader()
          self.parser = html_parser.HtmlParser()
          self.outputer = html_outputer.HtmlOutputer()
  
      def craw(self, root_url):
          count = 1
          self.urls.add_new_url(root_url)
          while self.urls.has_new_url():
              try:
                  new_url = self.urls.get_new_url()
                  print "craw %d : %s" % (count, new_url)
                  html_cont = self.downloader.download(new_url)
                  new_urls, new_data = self.parser.parse(new_url, html_cont)
                  self.urls.add_new_urls(new_urls)
                  self.outputer.collect_data(new_data)
                  if count == 1000:
                      break
                  count = count + 1
              except:
                  print "craw failed"
          self.outputer.output_html()
  
  if __name__ == "__main__":
      root_url = "http://baike.baidu.com/view/21087.htm"
      obj_spider = SpiderMain()
      obj_spider.craw(root_url)
  

  2）URL管理器实现

  class UrlManager(object):
      def __init__(self):
          self.new_urls = set()
          self.old_urls = set()
  
      def add_new_url(self, url):
          if url is None:
              return
          if url not in self.new_urls and url not in self.old_urls:
              self.new_urls.add(url)
  
      def add_new_urls(self, urls):
          if urls is None or len(urls) == 0:
              return
          for url in urls:
              self.add_new_url(url)
  
      def has_new_url(self):
          return len(self.new_urls) != 0
  
      def get_new_url(self):
          new_url = self.new_urls.pop()
          self.old_urls.add(new_url)
          return new_url
  

  3）URL下载器实现

  import urllib2
  class HtmlDownloader(object):
      def download(self, url):
          if url is None:
              return None
          response = urllib2.urlopen(url)
          if response.getcode() != 200:
              return None
          return response.read()
  

  4）URL解析器实现

  from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
  import re
  import urlparse
  class HtmlParser(object):
      def _get_new_urls(self, page_url, soup):
          new_urls = set()
          links = soup.find_all('a', href=re.compile(r"/view/\d+\.htm"))
          for link in links:
              new_url = link['href']
              new_full_url = urlparse.urljoin(page_url, new_url)
              new_urls.add(new_full_url)
          return new_urls
  
      def _get_new_data(self, page_url, soup):
          res_data = {}
          res_data['url'] = page_url
          title_node = soup.find('dd', class_="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title").find("h1")
          res_data['title'] = title_node.get_text()
          summary_node = soup.find('div', class_="lemma-summary")
          res_data['summary'] = summary_node.get_text()
          return res_data
  
      def parse(self, page_url, html_cont):
          if page_url is None or html_cont is None:
              return
          soup = BeautifulSoup(html_cont, 'html.parser', from_encoding='utf-8')
          new_urls = self._get_new_urls(page_url, soup)
          new_data = self._get_new_data(page_url, soup)
          return new_urls, new_data
  

  5）价值数据输出显示

  # coding:utf-8
  class HtmlOutputer(object):
      def __init__(self):
          self.datas = []
  
      def collect_data(self, data):
          if data is None:
              return
          self.datas.append(data)
  
      def output_html(self):
          fout = open('output.html', 'w')
          fout.write("<html>")
          fout.write("<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">")
          fout.write("<body>")
          fout.write("<table>")
          for data in self.datas:
              fout.write("<tr>")
              fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['url'])
              fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['title'].encode('utf-8'))
              fout.write("<td>%s</td>" % data['summary'].encode('utf-8'))
              fout.write("</tr>")
          fout.write("</table>")
          fout.write("</body>")
          fout.write("</html>")
          fout.close()
  

• 执行

  本爬虫为爬取百度百科与Python关键字相关的1000个静态网页，对网页中的数据，主要提取关键词和摘要信息，并将爬取的信息以HTML文件的方式存储，之后利用浏览器打开即可实现访问。

  具体详细实现信息，再次不做介绍，如有问题，可以参看下面教程链接。

• 参考文献

  http://www.imooc.com/learn/563