TCP、UDP API调用（实时聊天）

1. TCP连接

服务器创建ServerSocket，并指定端口进行监听；
ServerSocket通过accept()接受用户请求并返回Socket，否则一直处于监听状态，线程阻塞；
客户端创建Socket，需要指定服务器的ip和端口，向服务器发送连接请求。

连接建立以后，客户端发送数据需要输出流，接受数据需要输入流，服务器也一样。

客户端

连接服务器Socket
发送消息

//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //1.我要知道服务器的地址,端口号
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2.创建一个socket连接
            Socket socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
            //3.发送消息IO流
            OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好，欢迎学习java".getBytes());
            os.close();
            socket.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

服务器

建立服务器端口ServerSocket
等待用户连接
接收用户消息

//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //1.我要有一个地址
            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2.等待客户端连接
            Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //3.读取客户端消息
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            //管道流，用来输出客户端传来的东西
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            if ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
            baos.close();
            is.close();
            socket.close();
            serverSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2. UDP

发短信：不用连接，需要知道对方的地址！

发送方

//发送方
public class UdpSendDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个数据socket
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket();
        //2.要发给谁
        InetAddress localhost=InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port=9090;
        //3.建一个包
        String str="你好啊，服务器~";
        //数据，数据的开始，结束，要发给谁
        DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(str.getBytes(),0,str.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
        //4.发送
        socket.send(packet);
        //5.关闭
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收方

//接收方，还是要等待别人给发送！随时都在线监听
public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收
        //接收
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getData().length));
        //关闭
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环发送消息

public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        //准备数据：读取控制台输入
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while (true) {
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] bts = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bts, 0, bts.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
            socket.send(packet);
            if (data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环接收消息

public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
        while (true) {
            //准备接收包
            byte[] bts = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bts, 0, bts.length);
            socket.receive(packet);
            //断开连接
            byte[] data=packet.getData();
            String receivedata = new String(data, 0, data.length);
            System.out.println(receivedata);
            if (receivedata.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

3. 在线咨询：两个人都可以是发送方或者接收方！

先创建两个工具类，一个用来发送消息，一个用来接收消息，并且都是单独的线程(实现线程接口)
创建两个聊天的人，这两个人都有发送和接收功能。

发送线程

public class TalkSend implements Runnable { //实现线程接口
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;
    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            //准备数据：读取控制台输入
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] bts = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bts, 0, bts.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收线程

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                //准备接收包
                byte[] bts = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bts, 0, bts.length);
                socket.receive(packet);
                //断开连接
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receivedata = new String(data, 0, data.length);
                System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receivedata);
                if (receivedata.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

学生端

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        //执行发送
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9099)).start();
        //接收
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

老师端

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //执行发送
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        //接收
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9099,"学生")).start();
    }
}

来源:https://www.kuangstudy.com/bbs/1451008930120585218
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41532872/article/details/85786214