docker-镜像的基本操作（三）
列出镜像列表
语法
docker images [OPTSIONS][REPOSITROY]
-a,all=flase
-f,--filter=[]
--no-trunc=false
-q,--quite=flase来列出本地主机上的镜像。
runoob@runoob:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu 14.04 90d5884b1ee0 5 days ago 188 MB
php 5.6 f40e9e0f10c8 9 days ago 444.8 MB
nginx latest 6f8d099c3adc 12 days ago 182.7 MB
mysql 5.6 f2e8d6c772c0 3 weeks ago 324.6 MB
httpd latest 02ef73cf1bc0 3 weeks ago 194.4 MB
ubuntu 15.10 4e3b13c8a266 4 weeks ago 136.3 MB
hello-world latest 690ed74de00f 6 months ago 960 B
training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 11 months ago 348.8 MB各个选项说明:
REPOSITORY：表示镜像的仓库源
TAG：镜像的标签
IMAGE ID：镜像ID
CREATED：镜像创建时间
SIZE：镜像大小同一仓库源可以有多个 TAG，代表这个仓库源的不同个版本，如ubuntu仓库源里，有15.10、14.04等多个不同的版本，我们使用 REPOSITORY:TAG 来定义不同的镜像。
所以，我们如果要使用版本为15.10的ubuntu系统镜像来运行容器时，命令如下：
runoob@runoob:~$ docker run -t -i ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash 如果要使用版本为14.04的ubuntu系统镜像来运行容器时，命令如下：
runoob@runoob:~$ docker run -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 如果你不指定一个镜像的版本标签，例如你只使用 ubuntu，docker 将默认使用 ubuntu:latest 镜像。
实例:
①查看镜像,显示不完整 IMAGE ID
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu latest 2a4cca5ac898 37 hours ago 111.5 MB
docker.io/centos latest ff426288ea90 8 days ago 207.2 MB②查看镜像,显示完整 IMAGE ID
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker images --no-trunc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu latest sha256:2a4cca5ac898476c2c47a8d6a17102e00241d6fa377fbe4d50787fe3d7a8d4d6 37 hours ago 111.5 MB
docker.io/centos latest sha256:ff426288ea903fcf8d91aca97460c613348f7a27195606b45f19ae91776ca23d 8 days ago 207.2 MB③查看镜像详细信息:
docker inspect [OPTIONS]CONTAINER|IMAGE[CONTAINER|IMGAE..][root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker inspect centos:latest
删除镜像
语法:
doker rmi [OPTIONS]IMAGE[IMAGE...]
-f,--force=false Force removal of the image
--no-prune=flase do not delete untagged parents实例:
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker rmi -f ubuntu:latest
Untagged: ubuntu:latest
Untagged: docker.io/ubuntu@sha256:55c3bcbe279b387e344c3e8dddec74115dbb3b4f4c91f97f4d1827e2ab9aba17
Deleted: sha256:2a4cca5ac898476c2c47a8d6a17102e00241d6fa377fbe4d50787fe3d7a8d4d6删除所有镜像:
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker rmi $(docker images ubuntu -q)
"docker rmi" requires at least 1 argument(s).
See 'docker rmi --help'.
Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Remove one or more images获取和推送镜像
①查找镜像
语法
docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
--automated=false Only show automated builds
--no-trunc=false Don't rtruncate output
-s,--starts=0 Onlry displays with at least x stars
最多返回25个结果实例
查找全部镜像
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker search ubuntu
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/ubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 7115 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc Ubuntu with openssh-server and NoVNC 157 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd Dockerized SSH service, built on top of of... 127 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with ansible 90 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/ubuntu-upstart Upstart is an event-based replacement for ... 80 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/neurodebian NeuroDebian provides neuroscience research... 41 [OK]
.......................... 查找三星以上的镜像
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker search -s 3 ubuntu
Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/ubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 7115 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc Ubuntu with openssh-server and NoVNC 157 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd Dockerized SSH service, built on top of of... 127 [OK]②拉取镜像
语法
docker pull [iptions] name[:TAG]
-a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository实例
拉取ubuntu:14.04
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos latest ff426288ea90 8 days ago 207.2 MB
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker pull ubuntu:14.04
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/ubuntu ...
14.04: Pulling from docker.io/library/ubuntu
556ab54f6580: Pull complete
6ca8fd6ef32a: Pull complete
e64a7e7a2b21: Pull complete
09ed7c05bfd3: Pull complete
ec1faacd6fd9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f0cc0848fdadb4ae7341028a21f894df7cc2ab56e2bfe162850cbd602234d9a4
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu 14.04 02a63d8b2bfa 40 hours ago 221.7 MB
docker.io/centos latest ff426288ea90 8 days ago 207.2 MB在上述过程中速度非常慢,有什么解决方法呢? 使用--registry-mirror选项
1.修改/etc/default/docker
2.添加 DOCKER_OPTS= "--registry-mirror=http://MIRROR-ADDR" MIRROR-ADDR可选:www.daoclod.io或者阿里云镜像镜像加速
3.重启docker的守护进程 service docker restart
③推送镜像
语法
docker push NAME[:TAG]实例:
docker不会整个都提交,只会提交修改的部分
④构建镜像
1.保存对容器的修改,并再次使用
2.自定义镜像的能力
3.以软件的形式打包并分发服务及其运行环境
语法:
方式一:
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] //通过容器构建
参数:
-a,-author="" Author
-m,--message="" commit message
-p,pause=ture Pause container during commit
方式二:
docker build [OPTIONS] PATH |URL |- //通过Dockerfile文件构建
参数:
--force-rm=false
--no-cache=false
--pull=false
-q,--quiet=false
--rm=true
-t,--tag=""
实例:
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
295e5cfea561 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (127) About a minute ago commit_test
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker commit -a 'jackzhu' -m 'hellowrold' commit_test 435999799/commit_test1
sha256:0f6cb6231b80269cffeaf71ce05236399f1d8f91f293bb699a9516935dc74392
[root@izwz93cxtzylaaouqzjj4sz ~]# docker images;
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
435999799/commit_test1 latest 0f6cb6231b80 27 seconds ago 111.5 MB
docker.io/ubuntu latest 2a4cca5ac898 43 hours ago 111.5 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 14.04 02a63d8b2bfa 43 hours ago 221.7 MB
docker.io/centos latest ff426288ea90 8 days ago 207.2 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 12.10 3e314f95dcac 3 years ago 172 MB使用Dockerfile构建镜像
创建第一个Dockerfile
runoob@runoob:~$ cat Dockerfile
FROM centos:6.7
MAINTAINER Fisher "fisher@sudops.com"
RUN /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
RUN useradd runoob
RUN /bin/echo 'runoob:123456' |chpasswd
RUN /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
EXPOSE 22
EXPOSE 80
CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D每一个指令都会在镜像上创建一个新的层
每一个指令的前缀都必须是大写的
FROM，指定使用哪个镜像源
RUN 指令告诉docker 在镜像内执行命令
然后，我们使用 Dockerfile 文件，通过 docker build 命令来构建一个镜像。
runoob@runoob:~$ docker build -t runoob/centos:6.7 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 17.92 kB
Step 1 : FROM centos:6.7
---> d95b5ca17cc3
Step 2 : MAINTAINER Fisher "fisher@sudops.com"
---> Using cache
---> 0c92299c6f03
Step 3 : RUN /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
---> Using cache
---> 0397ce2fbd0a
Step 4 : RUN useradd runoob
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