opencv案例之图片透视矫正

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-20 00:49:24 发布

年纪青青

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-20 00:49:24 发布

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分类专栏： opencv 文章标签： opencv 计算机视觉

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/z961968549/article/details/104158326

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案例背景

拍摄或者扫描图像不是规则的矩形，会对后期处理产生不好的影响，需要通过透视变换矫正得到正确的形状

方法

二值化
形态学操作，去噪点
进行轮廓查找，通过矩形的长款过滤较小和图片的大边框
霍夫直线变换，查找直线
过滤直线，通过直线位置和长度确定上下左右四条直线
求出四条直线
得到四条直线的交点，这就是物体原始四个角点
把原始的四个角点，变换到图片的四个角落，透视变换会把相对位置的像素通过线性插值填充

代码

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;


#define PIC_PATH "/work/opencv_pic/"
#define PIC_NAME "case5.png"

int main(void)
{
    Mat src,gray_src;

    //获取完整的图片路径及名称
    string pic = string(PIC_PATH)+string(PIC_NAME);

    //打印图片路径
    cout << "pic path is :"<<pic<<endl;

    //读取图片
    src = imread(pic);

    //判断图片是否存在
    if(src.empty())
    {
        cout<<"pic is not exist!!!!"<<endl;
        return -1;
    }

    //显示图片
    namedWindow("src pic",WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("src pic",src);

    cvtColor(src,gray_src,COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

    //图片与背景有巨大的反差 先将图片二值化 方便提取主体部分
    Mat binaryimg;
    threshold(gray_src,binaryimg,0,255,THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_OTSU);
    //imshow("binaryimg",binaryimg);

    //图片反向 进行去噪
    bitwise_not(binaryimg,binaryimg);
    //imshow("bitnot binaryimg",binaryimg);

    //主题部分内部仍有黑色噪点干扰存在  闭操作
    Mat kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT,Size(3,3),Point(-1,-1));
    morphologyEx(binaryimg,binaryimg,MORPH_CLOSE,kernel,Point(-1,-1),3);
    //imshow("close opera binaryimg",binaryimg);

    //查找轮廓 绘制轮廓
    vector<vector<Point>> contours;
    findContours(binaryimg,contours,RETR_TREE,CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
    Mat contourimg = Mat::zeros(src.size(),src.type());
    for(size_t i=0;i<contours.size();i++)
    {
        Rect rect = boundingRect(contours[i]);
        //通过轮廓外界矩形大小 滤除国徽部分干扰
        if(rect.width > src.cols/2 && rect.height > src.rows/2)
            drawContours(contourimg,contours,i,Scalar(0,0,255),2);
    }
    imshow("contourimg",contourimg);

    int height = src.rows;
    int width = src.cols;
    //霍夫直线检测
    Mat hough;
    //霍夫检测单通道图
    cvtColor(contourimg,hough,COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    vector<Vec4i> lines;
    double accu = min(height*0.5,width*0.5);
    HoughLinesP(hough,lines,1,CV_PI/180.0,accu,accu,0);


    //绘制直线
    Mat lineimg = Mat::zeros(src.size(),src.type());
    for(size_t i=0;i<lines.size();i++)
    {
        Vec4i linep = lines[i];
        line(lineimg,Point(linep[0],linep[1]),Point(linep[2],linep[3]),Scalar(0,0,255),2,8);
    }
    imshow("hough line img",lineimg);


    //判断四条线的位置 上下左右
    // 定位直线
    int deltah = 0;
    Vec4i topLine, bottomLine, leftLine, rightLine;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++){
        Vec4i ln = lines[i];
        deltah = abs(ln[3] - ln[1]);  //直线两点之间的竖直差
        if (ln[3] < height / 2.0 && ln[1] < height / 2.0 && deltah < accu - 1){
            topLine = lines[i];
        }
        if (ln[3] > height / 2.0 && ln[1] > height / 2.0 && deltah < accu - 1){
            bottomLine = lines[i];
        }
        if (ln[0] < width / 2.0 && ln[2] < width / 2.0 ){
            leftLine = lines[i];
        }
        if (ln[0] > width / 2.0 && ln[2] > width / 2.0){
            rightLine = lines[i];
        }
    }
    cout << "topLine : " << topLine << endl;
    cout << "bottomLine : " << bottomLine << endl;
    cout << "leftLine : " << leftLine << endl;
    cout << "rightLine : " << rightLine << endl;

    // 拟合四条直线方程
    float k1, c1;
    k1 = float(topLine[3] - topLine[1]) / float(topLine[2] - topLine[0]);
    c1 = topLine[1] - k1*topLine[0];
    float k2, c2;
    k2 = float(bottomLine[3] - bottomLine[1]) / float(bottomLine[2] - bottomLine[0]);
    c2 = bottomLine[1] - k2*bottomLine[0];
    float k3, c3;
    k3 = float(leftLine[3] - leftLine[1]) / float(leftLine[2] - leftLine[0]);
    c3 = leftLine[1] - k3*leftLine[0];
    float k4, c4;
    k4 = float(rightLine[3] - rightLine[1]) / float(rightLine[2] - rightLine[0]);
    c4 = rightLine[1] - k4*rightLine[0];

    // 四条直线交点
    Point p1; // 左上角
    p1.x = static_cast<int>((c1 - c3) / (k3 - k1));
    p1.y = static_cast<int>(k1*p1.x + c1);
    Point p2; // 右上角
    p2.x = static_cast<int>((c1 - c4) / (k4 - k1));
    p2.y = static_cast<int>(k1*p2.x + c1);
    Point p3; // 左下角
    p3.x = static_cast<int>((c2 - c3) / (k3 - k2));
    p3.y = static_cast<int>(k2*p3.x + c2);
    Point p4; // 右下角
    p4.x = static_cast<int>((c2 - c4) / (k4 - k2));
    p4.y = static_cast<int>(k2*p4.x + c2);
    cout << "p1(x, y)=" << p1.x << "," << p1.y << endl;
    cout << "p2(x, y)=" << p2.x << "," << p2.y << endl;
    cout << "p3(x, y)=" << p3.x << "," << p3.y << endl;
    cout << "p4(x, y)=" << p4.x << "," << p4.y << endl;

    // 显示四个点坐标
    circle(lineimg, p1, 2, Scalar(0,255, 0), 2, 8, 0);
    circle(lineimg, p2, 2, Scalar(0,255, 0), 2, 8, 0);
    circle(lineimg, p3, 2, Scalar(0,255, 0), 2, 8, 0);
    circle(lineimg, p4, 2, Scalar(0,255, 0), 2, 8, 0);
    //line(lineimg, Point(topLine[0], topLine[1]), Point(topLine[2], topLine[3]), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, 8, 0);
    imshow("four corners", lineimg);

    // 透视变换
    vector<Point2f> src_corners(4); // 原来的点
    src_corners[0] = p1;
    src_corners[1] = p2;
    src_corners[2] = p3;
    src_corners[3] = p4;

    vector<Point2f> dst_corners(4); // 目标点位
    dst_corners[0] = Point(0,0);
    dst_corners[1] = Point(width, 0);
    dst_corners[2] = Point(0, height);
    dst_corners[3] = Point(width , height);

    // 获取变换矩阵
    Mat reslutImg;

    //获取透视转换矩阵
    Mat warpmatrix = getPerspectiveTransform(src_corners, dst_corners);
    //将原图通过转换矩阵矫正
    warpPerspective(src, reslutImg, warpmatrix, reslutImg.size(), INTER_LINEAR);
    imshow("dst", reslutImg);

    waitKey(0);
    destroyAllWindows();
    return 0;

}

效果演示

在这里插入图片描述

年纪青青

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opencv案例之图片透视矫正

案例背景拍摄或者扫描图像不是规则的矩形，会对后期处理产生不好的影响，需要通过透视变换矫正得到正确的形状方法二值化形态学操作，去噪点进行轮廓查找，通过矩形的长款过滤较小和图片的大边框霍夫直线变换，查找直线过滤直线，通过直线位置和长度确定上下左右四条直线求出四条直线得到四条直线的交点，这就是物体原始四个角点把原始的四个角点，变换到图片的四个角落，透视变换会把相对位置的像素通...
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