驱动分层分离
在前面介绍的输入子系统中,核心层
input.c
,设备层button.c
包含硬件相关代码,软件层cdev.c
纯软件处理部分。
linux
驱动中有很多类似的驱动形式,例如总线驱动platform
平台设备模型
platform.c
属于核心层级别,设备层device
包含硬件相关代码,driver
层包含驱动层相关代码属于比较固化稳定的软件代码,设备发生改变只要改变设备层代码,规则上只要满足驱动层代码规则要求,理论上完全不用修改驱动层代码。设备层与软件层分离的好处就是当设备发生改变时,只需要修改设备对应部分代码,软件处理部分不用修改。
平台设备模型的一般写法:
- 构造设备层结构体
- 注册设备结构体
- 构造驱动层结构体
- 注册驱动结构体
- 核心层进行设备层与驱动层的匹配
- 匹配成功调用相关函数进行两者挂接
基于JZ2440的LED的平台设备框架
驱动层
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/pm.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/gpio_keys.h>
#include <asm/gpio.h>
/* 分配/设置/注册一个platform_driver */
static int __devinit led_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
/* 根据platform_dev资源进行ioremap */
/* 注册字符设备 */
printk("led_probe,found led\n");
return 0;
}
static int __devexit led_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
/* 根据platform_dev资源进行iounmap */
/* 注销字符设备 */
printk("led_remove,remove led\n");
return 0;
}
struct platform_driver led_drv = {
.probe = led_probe,
.remove = led_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "myled",
}
};
static int led_drv_init(void)
{
platform_driver_register(&led_drv);
return 0;
}
static void led_drv_exit(void)
{
platform_driver_unregister(&led_drv);
}
module_init(led_drv_init);
module_exit(led_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
设备层
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
#include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <asm/mach-types.h>
#include <asm/mach/arch.h>
#include <asm/mach/flash.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <asm/arch/gpio.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
/* 分配/设置/注册一个platform_device */
void led_release(struct device *dev)
{
}
static struct resource led_resource[] = {
[0]=
{
.start = 0x56000050,
.end = 0x56000050 + 8 - 1,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[1]=
{
.start = 4,
.end = 4,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
}
};
static struct platform_device led_dev = {
.name = "myled",
.id = 0,
.dev = { .release=led_release,
},
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(led_resource),
.resource = led_resource,
};
static int led_dev_init(void)
{
platform_device_register(&led_dev);
return 0;
}
static void led_dev_exit(void)
{
platform_device_unregister(&led_dev);
}
module_init(led_dev_init);
module_exit(led_dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
代码运行效果:
[root@JZ2440 015platform]# insmod led_dev.ko
[root@JZ2440 015platform]# insmod led_drv.ko
led_probe,found led
[root@JZ2440 015platform]# rmmod led_drv.ko
led_remove,remove led
[root@JZ2440 015platform]# rmmod led_dev.ko
[root@JZ2440 015platform]#
将功能丰富完整后的驱动
驱动层
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/pm.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#define DEVICENAME "myled"
static unsigned int major=0;
unsigned int pin=0;
static struct class *myclass=NULL;
static struct class_device *mydev;
static volatile unsigned long *gpfcon=NULL;
static volatile unsigned long *gpfdat=NULL;
#define GPFCON *gpfcon
#define GPFDAT *gpfdat
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//配置LED管脚模式
GPFCON &=~(0x3<<(pin*2));
GPFCON |= (0x1<<(pin*2));
//默认灯全部关闭
GPFDAT |= ((7<<4));
return 0;
}
static ssize_t led_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t * ppos)
{
int val;
copy_from_user(&val, buf, count); // copy_to_user();
if (val == 1)
{
// 点灯
GPFDAT &= ~(1<<pin);
}
else
{
// 灭灯
GPFDAT |= (1<<pin);
}
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations my_dev_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open = led_open,
.write = led_write,
};
/* 分配/设置/注册一个platform_driver */
static int __devinit led_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
/* 根据platform_dev资源进行ioremap */
struct resource *res;
res = platform_get_resource(pdev,IORESOURCE_MEM,0);
gpfcon = ioremap(res->start,res->end-res->start+1);
gpfdat=gpfcon+1;
res=platform_get_resource(pdev,IORESOURCE_IRQ,0);
pin=res->start;
/* 注册字符设备 */
major = register_chrdev(0,DEVICENAME, &my_dev_fops); // 注册, 告诉内核
myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE,DEVICENAME);
mydev=class_device_create(myclass, NULL, MKDEV(major,0), NULL, "led");
printk("led_probe,found led\n");
return 0;
}
static int __devexit led_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
/* 根据platform_dev资源进行iounmap */
/* 注销字符设备 */
iounmap(gpfcon);
class_device_unregister(mydev);
class_destroy(myclass);
unregister_chrdev(major, DEVICENAME); // 卸载
printk("led_remove,remove led\n");
return 0;
}
struct platform_driver led_drv = {
.probe = led_probe,
.remove = led_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "myled",
}
};
static int led_drv_init(void)
{
platform_driver_register(&led_drv);
return 0;
}
static void led_drv_exit(void)
{
platform_driver_unregister(&led_drv);
}
module_init(led_drv_init);
module_exit(led_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
设备层
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
#include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <asm/mach-types.h>
#include <asm/mach/arch.h>
#include <asm/mach/flash.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <asm/arch/gpio.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
/* 分配/设置/注册一个platform_device */
void led_release(struct device *dev)
{
}
static struct resource led_resource[] = {
[0]=
{
.start = 0x56000050,
.end = 0x56000050 + 8 - 1,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
},
[1]=
{
.start = 4,
.end = 4,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
}
};
static struct platform_device led_dev = {
.name = "myled",
.id = 0,
.dev = { .release=led_release,},
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(led_resource),
.resource = led_resource,
};
static int led_dev_init(void)
{
platform_device_register(&led_dev);
return 0;
}
static void led_dev_exit(void)
{
platform_device_unregister(&led_dev);
}
module_init(led_dev_init);
module_exit(led_dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
app
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
int fd;
char tmp1='0',tmp2;
fd = open("/dev/led",O_RDWR);
if(fd<0)
printf("led open is fail\n");
else
printf("led open success\n");
write(fd,&tmp1,1);
sleep(2);
write(fd,&tmp2,1);
close(fd);
return 0;
}