Spring Boot RabbitMQ - 优先级队列

Docker With RabbitMQ

官方 Docker 镜像仓库地址

https://hub.docker.com/_/rabbitmq

本地运行 RabbitMQ

docker run -d \
--name rabbitmq \
--restart always \
-p 5672:5672 \
-p 15672:15672 \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=user \
-e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=password \
rabbitmq:3-management

访问可视化面板

地址：http://127.0.0.1:15672/

账号：user

密码：password

Spring Boot With RabbitMQ

Spring Boot 集成 RabbitMQ

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

基本参数配置

# host & port
spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672

Queue / Exchange / Routing 配置

/**
 * RabbitMQ 配置
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    private static final String EXCHANGE = "priority-exchange";

    public static final String QUEUE = "priority-queue";

    private static final String ROUTING_KEY = "priority.queue.#";

    /**
     * 定义优先级队列
     */
    @Bean
    Queue queue() {
        Map<String, Object> args= new HashMap<>();
        args.put("x-max-priority", 100);
        return new Queue(QUEUE, false, false, false, args);
    }

    /**
     * 定义交换器
     */
    @Bean
    TopicExchange exchange() {
        return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE);
    }

    @Bean
    Binding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(ROUTING_KEY);
    }

}

priority queue 定义参考官方文档：https://www.rabbitmq.com/priority.html

Spring Boot 应用启动后，会自动创建 Queue 和 Exchange ，并相互绑定，优先级队列会有如图所示标识。

RabbitMQ Publisher

Spring Boot 相关配置

# 是否开启消息发送到交换器（Exchange）后触发回调
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=false
# 是否开启消息发送到队列（Queue）后触发回调
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=false
# 消息发送失败重试相关配置
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.enabled=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.initial-interval=3000ms
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.max-attempts=3
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.max-interval=10000ms
spring.rabbitmq.template.retry.multiplier=1

发送消息

@Component
@AllArgsConstructor
public class FileMessageSender {

    private static final String EXCHANGE = "priority-exchange";

    private static final String ROUTING_KEY_PREFIX = "priority.queue.";

    private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    /**
     * 发送设置有优先级的消息
     *
     * @param priority 优先级
     */
    public void sendPriorityMessage(String content, Integer priority) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(EXCHANGE, ROUTING_KEY_PREFIX + "test", content,
                message -> {
                    message.getMessageProperties().setPriority(priority);
                    return message;
                });
    }

}

RabbitMQ Consumer

Spring Boot 相关配置

# 消息接收确认，可选模式：NONE（不确认）、AUTO（自动确认）、MANUAL（手动确认）
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=AUTO
# 最小线程数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=10
# 最大线程数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10
# 每个消费者可能未完成的最大未确认消息数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=1

消费者执行耗时较长的话，建议 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch 设置为较小数值，让优先级越高的消息更快加入到消费者线程。

监听消息

@Slf4j
@Component
public class MessageListener {

    /**
     * 处理消息
     */
    @RabbitListener(queues = "priority-queue")
    public void listen(String message) {
        log.info(message);
    }

}

番外补充

1、自定义消息发送确认的回调

配置如下：

# 开启消息发送到交换器（Exchange）后触发回调
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
# 开启消息发送到队列（Queue）后触发回调
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true

自定义 

RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback 

实现类

@Slf4j
public class RabbitConfirmCallBack implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback{

    @Override
    public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
        log.info("消息唯一标识: {}", correlationData);
        log.info("确认状态: {}", ack);
        log.info("造成原因: {}", cause);
    }

}

自定义 

RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback 

实现类

@Slf4j
public class RabbitReturnCallback implements RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback {

    @Override
    public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {
        log.info("消息主体: {}", message);
        log.info("回复编码: {}", replyCode);
        log.info("回复内容: {}", replyText);
        log.info("交换器: {}", exchange);
        log.info("路由键: {}", routingKey);
    }

}

配置 rabbitTemplate

@Component
@AllArgsConstructor
public class RabbitTemplateInitializingBean implements InitializingBean {

    private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitConfirmCallBack());
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitReturnCallback());
    }
    
}

2、RabbitMQ Exchange 类型

中文：RabbitMQ Exchange类型详解

English: RabbitMQ Tutorials